Composition and evolution of the Ancestral South Sandwich Arc: implications for the flow of deep ocean water and mantle through the Drake Passage gateway

• Published in: Global and Planetary Change
• Main Authors: Pearce, J.A., Hastie, A.R., Leat, P.T., Dalziel, I.W., Lawver, L.A., Barker, P.F., Millar, I.L., Barry, T.L., Bevins, R.E.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2014
• Subjects: Drake Passage; Scotia Sea; Pacific
• Online Access: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/504783/; https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/504783/1/Composition%20and%20Evolution%20of%20the%20Ancestral%20South%20Sandwich%20Arc%20AAM.pdf; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818114001829

The Ancestral South Sandwich Arc (ASSA) has a short life-span of c.20 m.y. (Early Oligocene to Middle-Upper Miocene) before slab retreat and subsequent ‘resurrection’ as the active South Sandwich Island Arc (SSIA). The ASSA is, however, significant because it straddled the eastern margin of the Drake Passage Gateway where it formed a potential barrier to deep ocean water and mantle flow from the Pacific to Atlantic. The ASSA may be divided into three parts, from north to south: the Central Scotia Sea (CSS), the Discovery segment, and the Jane segment. Published age data coupled with new geochemical data (major elements, trace elements, Hf-Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes) from the three ASSA segments place constraints on models for the evolution of the arc and hence gateway development. The CSS segment has two known periods of activity. The older, Oligocene, period produced basic-acid, mostly calc-alkaline rocks, best explained in terms of subduction initiation volcanism of Andean-type (no slab rollback). The younger, Middle-Late Miocene period produced basic-acid, high-K calc-alkaline rocks (lavas and pyroclastic rocks with abundant volcanigenic sediments) which, despite being erupted on oceanic crust, have continental arc characteristics best explained in terms of a large, hot subduction flux most typical of a syn- or post-collision arc setting. Early-Middle Miocene volcanism in the Discovery and Jane arc segments is geochemically quite different, being typically tholeiitic and compositionally similar to many lavas from the active South Sandwich island arc front. There is indirect evidence for Western Pacific-type (slab rollback) subduction initiation in the southern part of the ASSA and for the back-arc basins (the Jane and Scan Basins) to have been active at the time of arc volcanism. Models for the death of the ASSA in the south following a series of ridge-trench collisions, are not positively supported by any geochemical evidence of hot subduction, but cessation of subduction by approach of progressively more buoyant ...