Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica
The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O3), hydroperoxides (H2O2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO3–) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:503325 2023-05-15T13:48:08+02:00 Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica Masclin, S. Frey, M. M. Rogge, W. F. Bales, R. C. 2013-09-05 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/1/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 en eng Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/1/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf Masclin, S.; Frey, M. M. orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Rogge, W. F.; Bales, R. C. 2013 Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (17). 8857-8877. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013> cc_by CC-BY Chemistry Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2013 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 2023-02-04T19:37:46Z The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O3), hydroperoxides (H2O2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO3–) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±1σ mixing ratios of NO were 19 ± 31 pptv and confirmed prior model estimates for the summer boundary layer above WAIS. Mean ±1σ mixing ratios of O3 of 14 ± 4 ppbv were in the range of previous measurements from overland traverses across WAIS during summer, while average ±1σ concentrations of H2O2 and MHP revealed higher levels with mixing ratios of 743 ± 362 and 519 ± 238 pptv, respectively. An upper limit for daily average NO2 and NO emission fluxes from snow of 8.6 × 108 and 33.9 × 108 molecule cm–2 s–1, respectively, were estimated based on photolysis of measured NO3– and nitrite (NO2–) in the surface snowpack. The resulting high NOx emission flux may explain the little preservation of NO3– in snow (~ 30%) when compared to Summit, Greenland (75–93%). Assuming rapid and complete mixing into the overlying atmosphere, and steady state of NOx, these snow emissions are equivalent to an average (range) production of atmospheric NOx of 30 (21–566) pptv h–1 for a typical atmospheric boundary-layer depth of 250 (354–13) m. These upper bounds indicate that local emissions from the snowpack are a significant source of short-lived nitrogen oxides above the inner WAIS. The net O3 production of 0.8 ppbv day–1 triggered with NO higher than 2 pptv is too small to explain the observed O3 variability. Thus, the origins of the air masses reaching WAIS Divide during this campaign were investigated with a 4-day back-trajectory analysis every 4 h. The resulting 168 back trajectories revealed that in 75% of all runs air originated from the Antarctic coastal slopes (58%) and the inner WAIS (17%). For these air sources O3 levels were on average 13 ± 3 ppbv. The remaining 25% are katabatic outflows from the East Antarctic Plateau above 2500 ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13 17 8857 8877 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
topic |
Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
Chemistry Masclin, S. Frey, M. M. Rogge, W. F. Bales, R. C. Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Chemistry |
description |
The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O3), hydroperoxides (H2O2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO3–) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±1σ mixing ratios of NO were 19 ± 31 pptv and confirmed prior model estimates for the summer boundary layer above WAIS. Mean ±1σ mixing ratios of O3 of 14 ± 4 ppbv were in the range of previous measurements from overland traverses across WAIS during summer, while average ±1σ concentrations of H2O2 and MHP revealed higher levels with mixing ratios of 743 ± 362 and 519 ± 238 pptv, respectively. An upper limit for daily average NO2 and NO emission fluxes from snow of 8.6 × 108 and 33.9 × 108 molecule cm–2 s–1, respectively, were estimated based on photolysis of measured NO3– and nitrite (NO2–) in the surface snowpack. The resulting high NOx emission flux may explain the little preservation of NO3– in snow (~ 30%) when compared to Summit, Greenland (75–93%). Assuming rapid and complete mixing into the overlying atmosphere, and steady state of NOx, these snow emissions are equivalent to an average (range) production of atmospheric NOx of 30 (21–566) pptv h–1 for a typical atmospheric boundary-layer depth of 250 (354–13) m. These upper bounds indicate that local emissions from the snowpack are a significant source of short-lived nitrogen oxides above the inner WAIS. The net O3 production of 0.8 ppbv day–1 triggered with NO higher than 2 pptv is too small to explain the observed O3 variability. Thus, the origins of the air masses reaching WAIS Divide during this campaign were investigated with a 4-day back-trajectory analysis every 4 h. The resulting 168 back trajectories revealed that in 75% of all runs air originated from the Antarctic coastal slopes (58%) and the inner WAIS (17%). For these air sources O3 levels were on average 13 ± 3 ppbv. The remaining 25% are katabatic outflows from the East Antarctic Plateau above 2500 ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Masclin, S. Frey, M. M. Rogge, W. F. Bales, R. C. |
author_facet |
Masclin, S. Frey, M. M. Rogge, W. F. Bales, R. C. |
author_sort |
Masclin, S. |
title |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_short |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_full |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_sort |
atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the wais divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in west antarctica |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/1/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/503325/1/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf Masclin, S.; Frey, M. M. orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Rogge, W. F.; Bales, R. C. 2013 Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (17). 8857-8877. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013> |
op_rights |
cc_by |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
8857 |
op_container_end_page |
8877 |
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1766248684428722176 |