Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response
The ability of the models contributing to the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to represent the Southern Ocean hydrological properties and its overturning is investigated in a water mass framework. Models have a consistent warm and light bias spread over the entire water column....
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American Geophysical Union
2013
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/1/jgrc20135.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:502031 2023-05-15T18:25:05+02:00 Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response Sallee, J.-B. Shuckburgh, E. Bruneau, N. Meijers, AJ.S. Bracegirdle, T.J. Wang, Z. Roy, T. 2013-04 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/1/jgrc20135.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 en eng American Geophysical Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/1/jgrc20135.pdf Sallee, J.-B.; Shuckburgh, E. orcid:0000-0001-9206-3444 Bruneau, N.; Meijers, AJ.S. orcid:0000-0003-3876-7736 Bracegirdle, T.J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Wang, Z.; Roy, T. 2013 Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (4). 1830-1844. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 <https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2013 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 2023-02-04T19:37:04Z The ability of the models contributing to the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to represent the Southern Ocean hydrological properties and its overturning is investigated in a water mass framework. Models have a consistent warm and light bias spread over the entire water column. The greatest bias occurs in the ventilated layers, which are volumetrically dominated by mode and intermediate layers. The ventilated layers have been observed to have a strong fingerprint of climate change and to impact climate by sequestrating a significant amount of heat and carbon dioxide. The mode water layer is poorly represented in the models and both mode and intermediate water have a significant fresh bias. Under increased radiative forcing, models simulate a warming and lightening of the entire water column, which is again greatest in the ventilated layers, highlighting the importance of these layers for propagating the climate signal into the deep ocean. While the intensity of the water mass overturning is relatively consistent between models, when compared to observation-based reconstructions, they exhibit a slightly larger rate of overturning at shallow to intermediate depths, and a slower rate of overturning deeper in the water column. Under increased radiative forcing, atmospheric fluxes increase the rate of simulated upper cell overturning, but this increase is counterbalanced by diapycnal fluxes, including mixed-layer horizontal mixing, and mostly vanishes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 4 1830 1844 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
The ability of the models contributing to the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to represent the Southern Ocean hydrological properties and its overturning is investigated in a water mass framework. Models have a consistent warm and light bias spread over the entire water column. The greatest bias occurs in the ventilated layers, which are volumetrically dominated by mode and intermediate layers. The ventilated layers have been observed to have a strong fingerprint of climate change and to impact climate by sequestrating a significant amount of heat and carbon dioxide. The mode water layer is poorly represented in the models and both mode and intermediate water have a significant fresh bias. Under increased radiative forcing, models simulate a warming and lightening of the entire water column, which is again greatest in the ventilated layers, highlighting the importance of these layers for propagating the climate signal into the deep ocean. While the intensity of the water mass overturning is relatively consistent between models, when compared to observation-based reconstructions, they exhibit a slightly larger rate of overturning at shallow to intermediate depths, and a slower rate of overturning deeper in the water column. Under increased radiative forcing, atmospheric fluxes increase the rate of simulated upper cell overturning, but this increase is counterbalanced by diapycnal fluxes, including mixed-layer horizontal mixing, and mostly vanishes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sallee, J.-B. Shuckburgh, E. Bruneau, N. Meijers, AJ.S. Bracegirdle, T.J. Wang, Z. Roy, T. |
spellingShingle |
Sallee, J.-B. Shuckburgh, E. Bruneau, N. Meijers, AJ.S. Bracegirdle, T.J. Wang, Z. Roy, T. Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
author_facet |
Sallee, J.-B. Shuckburgh, E. Bruneau, N. Meijers, AJ.S. Bracegirdle, T.J. Wang, Z. Roy, T. |
author_sort |
Sallee, J.-B. |
title |
Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
title_short |
Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
title_full |
Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response |
title_sort |
assessment of southern ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in cmip5 models: historical bias and forcing response |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/1/jgrc20135.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502031/1/jgrc20135.pdf Sallee, J.-B.; Shuckburgh, E. orcid:0000-0001-9206-3444 Bruneau, N.; Meijers, AJ.S. orcid:0000-0003-3876-7736 Bracegirdle, T.J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Wang, Z.; Roy, T. 2013 Assessment of Southern Ocean water mass circulation and characteristics in CMIP5 models: Historical bias and forcing response. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118 (4). 1830-1844. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 <https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20135 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
118 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1830 |
op_container_end_page |
1844 |
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1766206259407618048 |