Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean
Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two...
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/500101/ http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/133/2013/os-9-133-2013.html |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:500101 2023-05-15T17:33:45+02:00 Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean Norris, S.J. Broosk, I.M. Moat, B.I. Yelland, M.J. de Leeuw, G. Pascal, R.W. Brooks, B. 2013-02 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/500101/ http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/133/2013/os-9-133-2013.html unknown Norris, S.J.; Broosk, I.M.; Moat, B.I. orcid:0000-0001-8676-7779 Yelland, M.J. orcid:0000-0002-0936-4957 de Leeuw, G.; Pascal, R.W.; Brooks, B. 2013 Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean. Ocean Science, 9. 133-145. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2013 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 2023-02-04T19:36:13Z Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two cruises as part of the Sea Spray, Gas Flux, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) project, a UK contribution to the international Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The mean bubble number concentrations for each deployment are in broad agreement with other open ocean spectra and are consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than surf zone studies. Production fluxes per unit area of whitecap are estimated from the mean aerosol concentration for each buoy deployment. They are found to increase with wind speed, and span the range of values found by previous laboratory and surf-zone studies for particles with radius at 80% relative humidity, R80 < 1 μm, but to drop off more rapidly with increasing particle size for larger particles. Estimates of the mean sea spray flux were made by scaling the whitecap production fluxes with in situ estimates of whitecap fraction. The sea spray fluxes are also compared with simultaneous individual eddy covariance flux estimates, and with a sea spray source function derived from them. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Ocean Science 9 1 133 145 |
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Open Polar |
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Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
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ftnerc |
language |
unknown |
description |
Simultaneous measurements of near-surface aerosol (0.12 < R < 9.25 μm) and bubble spectra (13 < R < 620 μm) were made during five buoy deployments in the open ocean of the North Atlantic and used to estimate aerosol fluxes per unit area of whitecap. The measurements were made during two cruises as part of the Sea Spray, Gas Flux, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) project, a UK contribution to the international Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The mean bubble number concentrations for each deployment are in broad agreement with other open ocean spectra and are consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than surf zone studies. Production fluxes per unit area of whitecap are estimated from the mean aerosol concentration for each buoy deployment. They are found to increase with wind speed, and span the range of values found by previous laboratory and surf-zone studies for particles with radius at 80% relative humidity, R80 < 1 μm, but to drop off more rapidly with increasing particle size for larger particles. Estimates of the mean sea spray flux were made by scaling the whitecap production fluxes with in situ estimates of whitecap fraction. The sea spray fluxes are also compared with simultaneous individual eddy covariance flux estimates, and with a sea spray source function derived from them. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Norris, S.J. Broosk, I.M. Moat, B.I. Yelland, M.J. de Leeuw, G. Pascal, R.W. Brooks, B. |
spellingShingle |
Norris, S.J. Broosk, I.M. Moat, B.I. Yelland, M.J. de Leeuw, G. Pascal, R.W. Brooks, B. Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
author_facet |
Norris, S.J. Broosk, I.M. Moat, B.I. Yelland, M.J. de Leeuw, G. Pascal, R.W. Brooks, B. |
author_sort |
Norris, S.J. |
title |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_short |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_full |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_fullStr |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
title_sort |
near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/500101/ http://www.ocean-sci.net/9/133/2013/os-9-133-2013.html |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Norris, S.J.; Broosk, I.M.; Moat, B.I. orcid:0000-0001-8676-7779 Yelland, M.J. orcid:0000-0002-0936-4957 de Leeuw, G.; Pascal, R.W.; Brooks, B. 2013 Near-surface measurements of sea spray aerosol production over whitecaps in the open ocean. Ocean Science, 9. 133-145. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-133-2013 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
133 |
op_container_end_page |
145 |
_version_ |
1766132368688545792 |