A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites
Insoluble trace gases are trapped in polar ice at the firn-ice transition, at approximately 50 to 100 m below the surface, depending primarily on the site temperature and snow accumulation. Models of trace gas transport in polar firn are used to relate firn air and ice core records of trace gases to...
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2012
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/1/acp-12-11465-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:21412 2023-05-15T13:45:12+02:00 A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites Witrant, E. Martinerie, P. Hogan, C. Laube, J.C. Kawamura, K. Capron, E. Montzka, S.A. Dlugokencky, E.J. Etheridge, D. Blunier, T. Sturges, W.T. 2012 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/1/acp-12-11465-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 en eng Copernicus Publications https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/1/acp-12-11465-2012.pdf Witrant, E.; Martinerie, P.; Hogan, C.; Laube, J.C.; Kawamura, K.; Capron, E. orcid:0000-0003-0784-1884 Montzka, S.A.; Dlugokencky, E.J.; Etheridge, D.; Blunier, T.; Sturges, W.T. 2012 A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12 (23). 11465-11483. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012> Chemistry Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 2023-02-04T19:33:25Z Insoluble trace gases are trapped in polar ice at the firn-ice transition, at approximately 50 to 100 m below the surface, depending primarily on the site temperature and snow accumulation. Models of trace gas transport in polar firn are used to relate firn air and ice core records of trace gases to their atmospheric history. We propose a new model based on the following contributions. First, the firn air transport model is revised in a poromechanics framework with emphasis on the non-homogeneous properties and the treatment of gravitational settling. We then derive a nonlinear least square multi-gas optimisation scheme to calculate the effective firn diffusivity (automatic diffusivity tuning). The improvements gained by the multi-gas approach are investigated (up to ten gases for a single site are included in the optimisation process). We apply the model to four Arctic (Devon Island, NEEM, North GRIP, Summit) and seven Antarctic (DE08, Berkner Island, Siple Dome, Dronning Maud Land, South Pole, Dome C, Vostok) sites and calculate their respective depth-dependent diffusivity profiles. Among these different sites, a relationship is inferred between the snow accumulation rate and an increasing thickness of the lock-in zone defined from the isotopic composition of molecular nitrogen in firn air (denoted δ15N). It is associated with a reduced diffusivity value and an increased ratio of advective to diffusive flux in deep firn, which is particularly important at high accumulation rate sites. This has implications for the understanding of δ15N of N2 records in ice cores, in relation with past variations of the snow accumulation rate. As the snow accumulation rate is clearly a primary control on the thickness of the lock-in zone, our new approach that allows for the estimation of the lock-in zone width as a function of accumulation may lead to a better constraint on the age difference between the ice and entrapped gases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island Devon Island Dronning Maud Land ice core South pole South pole Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island ENVELOPE(-48.117,-48.117,-79.333,-79.333) Devon Island ENVELOPE(-88.000,-88.000,75.252,75.252) Dronning Maud Land Siple ENVELOPE(-83.917,-83.917,-75.917,-75.917) Siple Dome ENVELOPE(-148.833,-148.833,-81.667,-81.667) South Pole Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12 23 11465 11483 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
topic |
Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
Chemistry Witrant, E. Martinerie, P. Hogan, C. Laube, J.C. Kawamura, K. Capron, E. Montzka, S.A. Dlugokencky, E.J. Etheridge, D. Blunier, T. Sturges, W.T. A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
topic_facet |
Chemistry |
description |
Insoluble trace gases are trapped in polar ice at the firn-ice transition, at approximately 50 to 100 m below the surface, depending primarily on the site temperature and snow accumulation. Models of trace gas transport in polar firn are used to relate firn air and ice core records of trace gases to their atmospheric history. We propose a new model based on the following contributions. First, the firn air transport model is revised in a poromechanics framework with emphasis on the non-homogeneous properties and the treatment of gravitational settling. We then derive a nonlinear least square multi-gas optimisation scheme to calculate the effective firn diffusivity (automatic diffusivity tuning). The improvements gained by the multi-gas approach are investigated (up to ten gases for a single site are included in the optimisation process). We apply the model to four Arctic (Devon Island, NEEM, North GRIP, Summit) and seven Antarctic (DE08, Berkner Island, Siple Dome, Dronning Maud Land, South Pole, Dome C, Vostok) sites and calculate their respective depth-dependent diffusivity profiles. Among these different sites, a relationship is inferred between the snow accumulation rate and an increasing thickness of the lock-in zone defined from the isotopic composition of molecular nitrogen in firn air (denoted δ15N). It is associated with a reduced diffusivity value and an increased ratio of advective to diffusive flux in deep firn, which is particularly important at high accumulation rate sites. This has implications for the understanding of δ15N of N2 records in ice cores, in relation with past variations of the snow accumulation rate. As the snow accumulation rate is clearly a primary control on the thickness of the lock-in zone, our new approach that allows for the estimation of the lock-in zone width as a function of accumulation may lead to a better constraint on the age difference between the ice and entrapped gases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Witrant, E. Martinerie, P. Hogan, C. Laube, J.C. Kawamura, K. Capron, E. Montzka, S.A. Dlugokencky, E.J. Etheridge, D. Blunier, T. Sturges, W.T. |
author_facet |
Witrant, E. Martinerie, P. Hogan, C. Laube, J.C. Kawamura, K. Capron, E. Montzka, S.A. Dlugokencky, E.J. Etheridge, D. Blunier, T. Sturges, W.T. |
author_sort |
Witrant, E. |
title |
A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
title_short |
A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
title_full |
A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
title_fullStr |
A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
title_full_unstemmed |
A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
title_sort |
new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/1/acp-12-11465-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-48.117,-48.117,-79.333,-79.333) ENVELOPE(-88.000,-88.000,75.252,75.252) ENVELOPE(-83.917,-83.917,-75.917,-75.917) ENVELOPE(-148.833,-148.833,-81.667,-81.667) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island Devon Island Dronning Maud Land Siple Siple Dome South Pole |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island Devon Island Dronning Maud Land Siple Siple Dome South Pole |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island Devon Island Dronning Maud Land ice core South pole South pole |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Berkner Island Devon Island Dronning Maud Land ice core South pole South pole |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/21412/1/acp-12-11465-2012.pdf Witrant, E.; Martinerie, P.; Hogan, C.; Laube, J.C.; Kawamura, K.; Capron, E. orcid:0000-0003-0784-1884 Montzka, S.A.; Dlugokencky, E.J.; Etheridge, D.; Blunier, T.; Sturges, W.T. 2012 A new multi-gas constrained model of trace gas non-homogeneous transport in firn: evaluation and behaviour at eleven polar sites. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12 (23). 11465-11483. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11465-2012 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
11465 |
op_container_end_page |
11483 |
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1766217336691359744 |