The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses
In this study, surface and radiosonde data from staffed Antarctic observation stations are compared to output from five reanalyses [Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), and Modern E...
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American Meteorological Society
2012
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/1/JCLI-D-11-00685.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:20554 2023-05-15T13:24:28+02:00 The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Marshall, Gareth J. 2012 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/1/JCLI-D-11-00685.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 en eng American Meteorological Society https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/1/JCLI-D-11-00685.pdf Bracegirdle, Thomas J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Marshall, Gareth J. orcid:0000-0001-8887-7314 . 2012 The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses. Journal of Climate, 25 (20). 7138-7146. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 2023-02-04T19:32:55Z In this study, surface and radiosonde data from staffed Antarctic observation stations are compared to output from five reanalyses [Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), and Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)] over three decades spanning 1979–2008. Bias and year-to-year correlation between the reanalyses and observations are assessed for four variables: mean sea level pressure (MSLP), near-surface air temperature (Ts), 500-hPa geopotential height (H500), and 500-hPa temperature (T500). It was found that CFSR andMERRAare of a sufficiently high resolution for the height of the orography to be accurately reproduced at coastal observation stations. Progressively larger negative Ts biases at these coastal stations are apparent for reanalyses in order of decreasing resolution. However, orography height bias cannot explain large winter warm biases in CFSR, JRA-25, andMERRA(11.18, 10.28, and 7.98C, respectively) at Amundsen–Scott and Vostok, which have been linked to problems with representing the surface energy balance. Linear trends in the annual-mean T500 andH500 averaged over Antarctica as a whole were found to be most reliable in CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA, none of which show significant trends over the period 1979– 2008. In contrast JRA-25 shows significant negative trends over 1979–2008 and ERA-40 gives significant positive trends during the 1980s (evident in both T500 andH500). Comparison to observations indicates that the positive trend in ERA-40 is spurious. At the smaller spatial scale of individual stations all five reanalyses have some spurious trends. However, ERA-Interim was found to be the most reliable for MSLP andH500 trends at station locations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Amundsen-Scott ENVELOPE(0.000,0.000,-90.000,-90.000) Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Journal of Climate 25 20 7138 7146 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
description |
In this study, surface and radiosonde data from staffed Antarctic observation stations are compared to output from five reanalyses [Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), and Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)] over three decades spanning 1979–2008. Bias and year-to-year correlation between the reanalyses and observations are assessed for four variables: mean sea level pressure (MSLP), near-surface air temperature (Ts), 500-hPa geopotential height (H500), and 500-hPa temperature (T500). It was found that CFSR andMERRAare of a sufficiently high resolution for the height of the orography to be accurately reproduced at coastal observation stations. Progressively larger negative Ts biases at these coastal stations are apparent for reanalyses in order of decreasing resolution. However, orography height bias cannot explain large winter warm biases in CFSR, JRA-25, andMERRA(11.18, 10.28, and 7.98C, respectively) at Amundsen–Scott and Vostok, which have been linked to problems with representing the surface energy balance. Linear trends in the annual-mean T500 andH500 averaged over Antarctica as a whole were found to be most reliable in CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA, none of which show significant trends over the period 1979– 2008. In contrast JRA-25 shows significant negative trends over 1979–2008 and ERA-40 gives significant positive trends during the 1980s (evident in both T500 andH500). Comparison to observations indicates that the positive trend in ERA-40 is spurious. At the smaller spatial scale of individual stations all five reanalyses have some spurious trends. However, ERA-Interim was found to be the most reliable for MSLP andH500 trends at station locations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Marshall, Gareth J. |
spellingShingle |
Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Marshall, Gareth J. The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
author_facet |
Bracegirdle, Thomas J. Marshall, Gareth J. |
author_sort |
Bracegirdle, Thomas J. |
title |
The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
title_short |
The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
title_full |
The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
title_fullStr |
The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
title_full_unstemmed |
The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
title_sort |
reliability of antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/1/JCLI-D-11-00685.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(0.000,0.000,-90.000,-90.000) ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
Antarctic Amundsen-Scott Merra |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Amundsen-Scott Merra |
genre |
Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Amundsen-Scott Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20554/1/JCLI-D-11-00685.pdf Bracegirdle, Thomas J. orcid:0000-0002-8868-4739 Marshall, Gareth J. orcid:0000-0001-8887-7314 . 2012 The reliability of Antarctic tropospheric pressure and temperature in the latest global reanalyses. Journal of Climate, 25 (20). 7138-7146. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 <https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00685.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
7138 |
op_container_end_page |
7146 |
_version_ |
1766379870493868032 |