The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere
Windermere, the largest lake in England, seldom freezes over but the sheltered bays are usually covered with ice for several days every year. Here I analyse the meteorological factors influencing the development of ice on the lake between 1933 and 2000 and relate these to the regional and global cha...
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:2047 2024-06-09T07:48:07+00:00 The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere George, D. G. 2007 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/2047/ http://www.springerlink.com/content/9m712386851r0p47/?p=accbcea41d68440c814ef7f4f77373e6&pi=10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 unknown Springer George, D. G. 2007 The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere. Climatic Change, 81 (3-4). 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5> Meteorology and Climatology Ecology and Environment Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2007 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 2024-05-15T08:42:16Z Windermere, the largest lake in England, seldom freezes over but the sheltered bays are usually covered with ice for several days every year. Here I analyse the meteorological factors influencing the development of ice on the lake between 1933 and 2000 and relate these to the regional and global changes in the weather. The results demonstrate that the methods used to describe the development of ice at high latitudes can also be used to predict the formation of ice on this temperate lake. The best indicator of change was the number of ice-days recorded every winter. Regression analyses based on a Poisson model showed that there were significant negative correlations between the number of ice-days and the local air temperature, the Central England Temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The relationship with the NAOI was particularly pronounced and explained 50% of the observed inter-annual variations. A hindcasting model based on the NAOI correctly predicted the most severe winters reported in the area between 1864 and 1910. The observed and predicted numbers of ice-days were also correlated with an index of sea ice in the Baltic. The results demonstrate that the number of ice-days reported on Windermere} can be used as a proxy indicator of climate change and show that the NAO has had a major effect on the development of ice on this lake for at least a hundred and thirty years. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Climatic Change 81 3-4 455 468 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Meteorology and Climatology Ecology and Environment |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology and Climatology Ecology and Environment George, D. G. The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
topic_facet |
Meteorology and Climatology Ecology and Environment |
description |
Windermere, the largest lake in England, seldom freezes over but the sheltered bays are usually covered with ice for several days every year. Here I analyse the meteorological factors influencing the development of ice on the lake between 1933 and 2000 and relate these to the regional and global changes in the weather. The results demonstrate that the methods used to describe the development of ice at high latitudes can also be used to predict the formation of ice on this temperate lake. The best indicator of change was the number of ice-days recorded every winter. Regression analyses based on a Poisson model showed that there were significant negative correlations between the number of ice-days and the local air temperature, the Central England Temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The relationship with the NAOI was particularly pronounced and explained 50% of the observed inter-annual variations. A hindcasting model based on the NAOI correctly predicted the most severe winters reported in the area between 1864 and 1910. The observed and predicted numbers of ice-days were also correlated with an index of sea ice in the Baltic. The results demonstrate that the number of ice-days reported on Windermere} can be used as a proxy indicator of climate change and show that the NAO has had a major effect on the development of ice on this lake for at least a hundred and thirty years. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
George, D. G. |
author_facet |
George, D. G. |
author_sort |
George, D. G. |
title |
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
title_short |
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
title_full |
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
title_fullStr |
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
title_full_unstemmed |
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere |
title_sort |
impact of the north atlantic oscillation on the development of ice on lake windermere |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/2047/ http://www.springerlink.com/content/9m712386851r0p47/?p=accbcea41d68440c814ef7f4f77373e6&pi=10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
op_relation |
George, D. G. 2007 The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the development of ice on Lake Windermere. Climatic Change, 81 (3-4). 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9115-5 |
container_title |
Climatic Change |
container_volume |
81 |
container_issue |
3-4 |
container_start_page |
455 |
op_container_end_page |
468 |
_version_ |
1801379712767885312 |