Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean
The influence of the island mass effect of South Georgia on the seasonal marine carbon cycle was investigated during austral summer (January–February) 2008. South Georgia (54–55°S 36–38°W) lies on the North Scotia Ridge, strongly influencing the passage of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16796/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064511001913 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:16796 2023-05-15T13:45:11+02:00 Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean Jones, Elizabeth M. Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Venables, Hugh Watson, Andrew J. 2012 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16796/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064511001913 unknown Elsevier Jones, Elizabeth M.; Bakker, Dorothee C.E.; Venables, Hugh; Watson, Andrew J. 2012 Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II, 59-60. 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001> Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001 2023-02-04T19:30:44Z The influence of the island mass effect of South Georgia on the seasonal marine carbon cycle was investigated during austral summer (January–February) 2008. South Georgia (54–55°S 36–38°W) lies on the North Scotia Ridge, strongly influencing the passage of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front to the south. Surface waters upstream of the island, in the central Scotia Sea, were characterised by relative high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions from winter (September) 2007 to summer, as indicated by satellite and shipboard observations. The fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) was slightly supersaturated and the HNLC waters represented a summertime CO2 source of 2.6±1.5 mmol m−2 day−1. Extensive phytoplankton blooms developed in the Georgia Basin, downstream of South Georgia, in October 2007 and persisted until March 2008. The seasonal depletion in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was 94±1 μmol kg−1 and the ΔfCO2(sea–air) was –92±21 μatm in the core of the bloom by early February. These conditions created a strong sink for atmospheric CO2 of –12.9±11.7 mmol m−2 day−1. In contrast, wintertime mixing into DIC-rich sub-surface waters created a strong CO2 source of 22.0±14.4 mmol m−2 day−1. These processes drive substantial seasonal changes in DIC of up to −0.7 μmol kg−1 day−1 from winter to summer. Similarly to the blooms of Kerguelen and Crozet, the South Georgia bloom is likely to be fuelled by natural iron fertilisation. A DIC deficit of 2.2±0.3 mol m−2 upstream of South Georgia suggested that the relative HNLC waters were more productive than indicated by satellites. The DIC deficit more than doubled downstream of South Georgia (4.6±0.8 mol m−2) to create the strongest seasonal carbon uptake in ice-free waters of the Southern Ocean to date. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Southern Ocean Austral Kerguelen Scotia Sea Georgia Basin ENVELOPE(-35.500,-35.500,-50.750,-50.750) North Scotia Ridge ENVELOPE(-51.431,-51.431,-53.581,-53.581) Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 59-60 25 35 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
unknown |
description |
The influence of the island mass effect of South Georgia on the seasonal marine carbon cycle was investigated during austral summer (January–February) 2008. South Georgia (54–55°S 36–38°W) lies on the North Scotia Ridge, strongly influencing the passage of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front to the south. Surface waters upstream of the island, in the central Scotia Sea, were characterised by relative high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions from winter (September) 2007 to summer, as indicated by satellite and shipboard observations. The fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) was slightly supersaturated and the HNLC waters represented a summertime CO2 source of 2.6±1.5 mmol m−2 day−1. Extensive phytoplankton blooms developed in the Georgia Basin, downstream of South Georgia, in October 2007 and persisted until March 2008. The seasonal depletion in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was 94±1 μmol kg−1 and the ΔfCO2(sea–air) was –92±21 μatm in the core of the bloom by early February. These conditions created a strong sink for atmospheric CO2 of –12.9±11.7 mmol m−2 day−1. In contrast, wintertime mixing into DIC-rich sub-surface waters created a strong CO2 source of 22.0±14.4 mmol m−2 day−1. These processes drive substantial seasonal changes in DIC of up to −0.7 μmol kg−1 day−1 from winter to summer. Similarly to the blooms of Kerguelen and Crozet, the South Georgia bloom is likely to be fuelled by natural iron fertilisation. A DIC deficit of 2.2±0.3 mol m−2 upstream of South Georgia suggested that the relative HNLC waters were more productive than indicated by satellites. The DIC deficit more than doubled downstream of South Georgia (4.6±0.8 mol m−2) to create the strongest seasonal carbon uptake in ice-free waters of the Southern Ocean to date. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jones, Elizabeth M. Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Venables, Hugh Watson, Andrew J. |
spellingShingle |
Jones, Elizabeth M. Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Venables, Hugh Watson, Andrew J. Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Jones, Elizabeth M. Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Venables, Hugh Watson, Andrew J. |
author_sort |
Jones, Elizabeth M. |
title |
Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of south georgia, southern ocean |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16796/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064511001913 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-35.500,-35.500,-50.750,-50.750) ENVELOPE(-51.431,-51.431,-53.581,-53.581) |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Austral Kerguelen Scotia Sea Georgia Basin North Scotia Ridge |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Austral Kerguelen Scotia Sea Georgia Basin North Scotia Ridge |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Scotia Sea Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Jones, Elizabeth M.; Bakker, Dorothee C.E.; Venables, Hugh; Watson, Andrew J. 2012 Dynamic seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon downstream of South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II, 59-60. 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.001 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
59-60 |
container_start_page |
25 |
op_container_end_page |
35 |
_version_ |
1766216150498148352 |