20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air
Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH2BrCl and CH2Br2) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Cana...
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Copernicus, for the European Geophysical Union
2006
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/1/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2847/2006/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:166 2024-06-09T07:40:48+00:00 20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air Worton, D.R. Sturges, W.T. Schwander, J. Mulvaney, R. Barnola, J.-M. Chappellaz, J. 2006 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/1/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2847/2006/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 en eng Copernicus, for the European Geophysical Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/1/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf Worton, D.R.; Sturges, W.T.; Schwander, J.; Mulvaney, R. orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Barnola, J.-M.; Chappellaz, J. 2006 20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6 (10). 2847-2863. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006> Glaciology Atmospheric Sciences Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2006 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 2024-05-15T08:39:04Z Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH2BrCl and CH2Br2) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ~10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ~50% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ~29% at the beginning of the 21st century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the Northern Hemisphere have increased over the 20th century while CH2Br2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Devon Island DML Dronning Maud Land Greenland NGRIP North Greenland Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Canada Devon Island ENVELOPE(-88.000,-88.000,75.252,75.252) Dronning Maud Land Greenland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6 10 2847 2863 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
topic |
Glaciology Atmospheric Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Glaciology Atmospheric Sciences Worton, D.R. Sturges, W.T. Schwander, J. Mulvaney, R. Barnola, J.-M. Chappellaz, J. 20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
topic_facet |
Glaciology Atmospheric Sciences |
description |
Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH2BrCl and CH2Br2) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ~10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ~50% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ~29% at the beginning of the 21st century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the Northern Hemisphere have increased over the 20th century while CH2Br2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Worton, D.R. Sturges, W.T. Schwander, J. Mulvaney, R. Barnola, J.-M. Chappellaz, J. |
author_facet |
Worton, D.R. Sturges, W.T. Schwander, J. Mulvaney, R. Barnola, J.-M. Chappellaz, J. |
author_sort |
Worton, D.R. |
title |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
title_short |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
title_full |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
title_fullStr |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
title_full_unstemmed |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
title_sort |
20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air |
publisher |
Copernicus, for the European Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/1/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2847/2006/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-88.000,-88.000,75.252,75.252) |
geographic |
Canada Devon Island Dronning Maud Land Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Canada Devon Island Dronning Maud Land Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Devon Island DML Dronning Maud Land Greenland NGRIP North Greenland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Devon Island DML Dronning Maud Land Greenland NGRIP North Greenland |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/166/1/acp-6-2847-2006.pdf Worton, D.R.; Sturges, W.T.; Schwander, J.; Mulvaney, R. orcid:0000-0002-5372-8148 Barnola, J.-M.; Chappellaz, J. 2006 20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri- and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6 (10). 2847-2863. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2847-2006 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2847 |
op_container_end_page |
2863 |
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1801369208734351360 |