Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere
We report the first ground-based passive microwave observations made from Troll station, Antarctica, which show enhanced mesospheric nitric oxide (NO) volume mixing ratio reaching levels of 1.2 ppmv, or 2–3 orders of magnitude above background, at 70–80 km during small, relatively isolated geomagnet...
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:15956 2023-05-15T13:45:11+02:00 Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere Newnham, David A. Espy, Patrick J. Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Seppälä, Annika Maxfield, David J. Hartogh, Paul Holmén, Kim Horne, Richard B. 2011 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/1/grl28425.pdf https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL048666 en eng American Geophysical Union https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/1/grl28425.pdf Newnham, David A. orcid:0000-0001-8422-1289 Espy, Patrick J.; Clilverd, Mark A. orcid:0000-0002-7388-1529 Rodger, Craig J.; Seppälä, Annika; Maxfield, David J.; Hartogh, Paul; Holmén, Kim; Horne, Richard B. orcid:0000-0002-0412-6407 . 2011 Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (20), L20104. 5, pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666> Atmospheric Sciences Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2011 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666 2023-02-04T19:30:13Z We report the first ground-based passive microwave observations made from Troll station, Antarctica, which show enhanced mesospheric nitric oxide (NO) volume mixing ratio reaching levels of 1.2 ppmv, or 2–3 orders of magnitude above background, at 70–80 km during small, relatively isolated geomagnetic storms in 2008. The mesospheric NO peaked 2 days after enhanced NO at higher altitudes (110–150 km) measured by the SABER satellite, and 2 days after peaks in the >30 keV and >300 keV electron flux measured by POES, although the 300 keV electron flux remained high. High time resolution data shows that mesospheric NO was enhanced at night and decayed during the day and built up to high levels over a period of 3–4 days. The altitude profile of mesospheric NO suggests direct production by ∼300 keV electron precipitation. Simulations using the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry model show that the delay between thermospheric and mesospheric NO enhancements was primarily a result of the weaker production rate at lower altitudes by ∼300 keV electrons competing against strong day-time losses. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sodankylä Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Antarctic Sodankylä ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) The Antarctic Troll ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) Troll Station ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) Geophysical Research Letters 38 20 n/a n/a |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric Sciences Newnham, David A. Espy, Patrick J. Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Seppälä, Annika Maxfield, David J. Hartogh, Paul Holmén, Kim Horne, Richard B. Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric Sciences |
description |
We report the first ground-based passive microwave observations made from Troll station, Antarctica, which show enhanced mesospheric nitric oxide (NO) volume mixing ratio reaching levels of 1.2 ppmv, or 2–3 orders of magnitude above background, at 70–80 km during small, relatively isolated geomagnetic storms in 2008. The mesospheric NO peaked 2 days after enhanced NO at higher altitudes (110–150 km) measured by the SABER satellite, and 2 days after peaks in the >30 keV and >300 keV electron flux measured by POES, although the 300 keV electron flux remained high. High time resolution data shows that mesospheric NO was enhanced at night and decayed during the day and built up to high levels over a period of 3–4 days. The altitude profile of mesospheric NO suggests direct production by ∼300 keV electron precipitation. Simulations using the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry model show that the delay between thermospheric and mesospheric NO enhancements was primarily a result of the weaker production rate at lower altitudes by ∼300 keV electrons competing against strong day-time losses. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Newnham, David A. Espy, Patrick J. Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Seppälä, Annika Maxfield, David J. Hartogh, Paul Holmén, Kim Horne, Richard B. |
author_facet |
Newnham, David A. Espy, Patrick J. Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Seppälä, Annika Maxfield, David J. Hartogh, Paul Holmén, Kim Horne, Richard B. |
author_sort |
Newnham, David A. |
title |
Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
title_short |
Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
title_full |
Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
title_fullStr |
Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere |
title_sort |
direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the antarctic middle atmosphere |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/1/grl28425.pdf https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL048666 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(26.600,26.600,67.417,67.417) ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) ENVELOPE(2.534,2.534,-72.002,-72.002) |
geographic |
Antarctic Sodankylä The Antarctic Troll Troll Station |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Sodankylä The Antarctic Troll Troll Station |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sodankylä |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Sodankylä |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/15956/1/grl28425.pdf Newnham, David A. orcid:0000-0001-8422-1289 Espy, Patrick J.; Clilverd, Mark A. orcid:0000-0002-7388-1529 Rodger, Craig J.; Seppälä, Annika; Maxfield, David J.; Hartogh, Paul; Holmén, Kim; Horne, Richard B. orcid:0000-0002-0412-6407 . 2011 Direct observations of nitric oxide produced by energetic electron precipitation into the Antarctic middle atmosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (20), L20104. 5, pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048666 |
container_title |
Geophysical Research Letters |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
n/a |
op_container_end_page |
n/a |
_version_ |
1766215988333772800 |