Observations of a reversal in vertical and horizontal strain-rate regime during a motion event on Unteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Author: Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: International Glaciological Society 2002
• Subjects: Glaciology; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/13394/; http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2002/00000048/00000163/art00010

During a motion event on Unteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland, in spring 1996, surface velocities were measured up to eight times a day at four different locations along the central flowline using global positioning system equipment. In addition, accumulated vertical strains over the uppermost 50 and 100 m were measured at a location where the total ice thickness is 260 m. The motion event was accompanied by high horizontal and vertical strain rates as compared to annual mean values. A reversal in strain regime was observed, with horizontal strain rates changing to extension while vertical strain rates became compressive. This strain-rate reversal coincided, within the temporal resolution of the data, with a maximum in vertical ice displacement at the surface. Within a day, variations in vertical strain from 0.04 a(-1) to -0.06 a(-1) were observed over the uppermost 100 m. Vertical stretching is estimated to have contributed to at least 20% of the anomalous vertical ice movement at the surface. There were significant differences between measured longitudinal strain, averaged over a distance corresponding to a few ice thicknesses, and measured vertical strain. In spring 1997 a similar, but more detailed, set of measurements was collected at the same measuring site, and vertical strain rates were found to vary non-uniformly with depth, with the largest values closest to the surface.