SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice
Determining the microphysical location of impurities in natural ice from the polar regions is necessary for understanding the physical properties of ice and for assuring the integrity of ice core records. SEM, using a cold stage and X-ray microanalytical techniques, has proved to be the most powerfu...
Published in: | Microscopy Research and Technique |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Wiley-Liss
2003
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12587/ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.10385/abstract |
id |
ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:12587 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:12587 2023-05-15T13:45:11+02:00 SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice Barnes, Piers R.F. Wolff, Eric W. Mallard, David C. Mader, Heidy M. 2003 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12587/ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.10385/abstract unknown Wiley-Liss Barnes, Piers R.F.; Wolff, Eric W.; Mallard, David C.; Mader, Heidy M. 2003 SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice. Microscopy Research and Technique, 62. 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385 <https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385> Glaciology Chemistry Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2003 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385 2023-02-04T19:28:04Z Determining the microphysical location of impurities in natural ice from the polar regions is necessary for understanding the physical properties of ice and for assuring the integrity of ice core records. SEM, using a cold stage and X-ray microanalytical techniques, has proved to be the most powerful method so far for undertaking such work. Methods are adapted from those used to study frozen hydrated biological material. Sublimation within the cryo-chamber is often needed in order to concentrate impurities onto a plane, but this can lead to artifacts that must be recognized. Over 100 samples from different depths and sites in Greenland and Antarctica have been examined. Typical physical features, including air bubbles, clathrate hydrates of air, and dust particles are identified. The dust is found preferentially at grain boundaries in some samples; by pinning the boundaries, it can slow grain growth. Of the soluble material, chloride seems to be found most frequently in the ice lattice. Other impurities are found at grain boundaries, and only when the bulk concentration exceeds a threshold, at triple junctions. These findings give new insights into processes determining the physical properties of ice samples and of ice sheets, and new impetus for theoretical studies of the energetics that lead to this distribution. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Greenland Microscopy Research and Technique 62 1 62 69 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Glaciology Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
Glaciology Chemistry Barnes, Piers R.F. Wolff, Eric W. Mallard, David C. Mader, Heidy M. SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
topic_facet |
Glaciology Chemistry |
description |
Determining the microphysical location of impurities in natural ice from the polar regions is necessary for understanding the physical properties of ice and for assuring the integrity of ice core records. SEM, using a cold stage and X-ray microanalytical techniques, has proved to be the most powerful method so far for undertaking such work. Methods are adapted from those used to study frozen hydrated biological material. Sublimation within the cryo-chamber is often needed in order to concentrate impurities onto a plane, but this can lead to artifacts that must be recognized. Over 100 samples from different depths and sites in Greenland and Antarctica have been examined. Typical physical features, including air bubbles, clathrate hydrates of air, and dust particles are identified. The dust is found preferentially at grain boundaries in some samples; by pinning the boundaries, it can slow grain growth. Of the soluble material, chloride seems to be found most frequently in the ice lattice. Other impurities are found at grain boundaries, and only when the bulk concentration exceeds a threshold, at triple junctions. These findings give new insights into processes determining the physical properties of ice samples and of ice sheets, and new impetus for theoretical studies of the energetics that lead to this distribution. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Barnes, Piers R.F. Wolff, Eric W. Mallard, David C. Mader, Heidy M. |
author_facet |
Barnes, Piers R.F. Wolff, Eric W. Mallard, David C. Mader, Heidy M. |
author_sort |
Barnes, Piers R.F. |
title |
SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
title_short |
SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
title_full |
SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
title_fullStr |
SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
title_sort |
sem studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice |
publisher |
Wiley-Liss |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12587/ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.10385/abstract |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core |
op_relation |
Barnes, Piers R.F.; Wolff, Eric W.; Mallard, David C.; Mader, Heidy M. 2003 SEM studies of the morphology and chemistry of polar ice. Microscopy Research and Technique, 62. 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385 <https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10385 |
container_title |
Microscopy Research and Technique |
container_volume |
62 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
62 |
op_container_end_page |
69 |
_version_ |
1766215172304666624 |