An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts
It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry o...
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/1/acp-7-4329-2007.pdf |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:11741 2023-05-15T18:22:59+02:00 An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts Grannas, A.M. Jones, Anna E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H.J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C.S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J.H. Dominé, F. Frey, M.M. Guzmán, M.I. Heard, D.E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M.R. Honarth, R.E. Huey, L.G. Hutterli, Manuel Jacobi, H.W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. McConnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P.B. Simpson, W.R. Sodeau, J.R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, Eric W. Zhu, T. 2007 text http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/1/acp-7-4329-2007.pdf en eng Copernicus Publications https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/1/acp-7-4329-2007.pdf Grannas, A.M.; Jones, Anna E. orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Dibb, J.; Ammann, M.; Anastasio, C.; Beine, H.J.; Bergin, M.; Bottenheim, J.; Boxe, C.S.; Carver, G.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J.H.; Dominé, F.; Frey, M.M. orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Guzmán, M.I.; Heard, D.E.; Helmig, D.; Hoffmann, M.R.; Honarth, R.E.; Huey, L.G.; Hutterli, Manuel; Jacobi, H.W.; Klán, P.; Lefer, B.; McConnell, J.; Plane, J.; Sander, R.; Savarino, J.; Shepson, P.B.; Simpson, W.R.; Sodeau, J.R.; von Glasow, R.; Weller, R.; Wolff, Eric W.; Zhu, T. 2007 An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7 (16). 4329-4373. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007> Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Chemistry Atmospheric Sciences Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2007 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007 2023-02-04T19:27:34Z It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive South Pole Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7 16 4329 4373 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
English |
topic |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Chemistry Atmospheric Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Chemistry Atmospheric Sciences Grannas, A.M. Jones, Anna E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H.J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C.S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J.H. Dominé, F. Frey, M.M. Guzmán, M.I. Heard, D.E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M.R. Honarth, R.E. Huey, L.G. Hutterli, Manuel Jacobi, H.W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. McConnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P.B. Simpson, W.R. Sodeau, J.R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, Eric W. Zhu, T. An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
topic_facet |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Chemistry Atmospheric Sciences |
description |
It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Grannas, A.M. Jones, Anna E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H.J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C.S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J.H. Dominé, F. Frey, M.M. Guzmán, M.I. Heard, D.E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M.R. Honarth, R.E. Huey, L.G. Hutterli, Manuel Jacobi, H.W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. McConnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P.B. Simpson, W.R. Sodeau, J.R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, Eric W. Zhu, T. |
author_facet |
Grannas, A.M. Jones, Anna E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H.J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C.S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J.H. Dominé, F. Frey, M.M. Guzmán, M.I. Heard, D.E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M.R. Honarth, R.E. Huey, L.G. Hutterli, Manuel Jacobi, H.W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. McConnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P.B. Simpson, W.R. Sodeau, J.R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, Eric W. Zhu, T. |
author_sort |
Grannas, A.M. |
title |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_short |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_full |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_fullStr |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_full_unstemmed |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_sort |
overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/ https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/1/acp-7-4329-2007.pdf |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11741/1/acp-7-4329-2007.pdf Grannas, A.M.; Jones, Anna E. orcid:0000-0002-2040-4841 Dibb, J.; Ammann, M.; Anastasio, C.; Beine, H.J.; Bergin, M.; Bottenheim, J.; Boxe, C.S.; Carver, G.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J.H.; Dominé, F.; Frey, M.M. orcid:0000-0003-0535-0416 Guzmán, M.I.; Heard, D.E.; Helmig, D.; Hoffmann, M.R.; Honarth, R.E.; Huey, L.G.; Hutterli, Manuel; Jacobi, H.W.; Klán, P.; Lefer, B.; McConnell, J.; Plane, J.; Sander, R.; Savarino, J.; Shepson, P.B.; Simpson, W.R.; Sodeau, J.R.; von Glasow, R.; Weller, R.; Wolff, Eric W.; Zhu, T. 2007 An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7 (16). 4329-4373. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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7 |
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16 |
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4329 |
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4373 |
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1766202400344899584 |