History of sea ice in the Arctic
Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This inform...
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Online Access: | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10556/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
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ftnerc:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:10556 2023-05-15T14:27:16+02:00 History of sea ice in the Arctic Polyak, Leonid Alley, Richard B. Andrews, John T. Brigham-Grette, Julie Cronin, Thomas M. Darby, Dennis A. Dyke, Arthur S. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Funder, Svend Holland, Marika Jennings, Anne E. Miller, Gifford H. O'Regan, Matt Savelle, James Serreze, Mark St. John, Kristen White, James W.C. Wolff, Eric 2010 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10556/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 unknown Pergamon-Elsevier Polyak, Leonid; Alley, Richard B.; Andrews, John T.; Brigham-Grette, Julie; Cronin, Thomas M.; Darby, Dennis A.; Dyke, Arthur S.; Fitzpatrick, Joan J.; Funder, Svend; Holland, Marika; Jennings, Anne E.; Miller, Gifford H.; O'Regan, Matt; Savelle, James; Serreze, Mark; St. John, Kristen; White, James W.C.; Wolff, Eric. 2010 History of sea ice in the Arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29 (15-16). 1757-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010> Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2010 ftnerc https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 2023-02-04T19:26:45Z Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This information can be provided by proxy records from the Arctic Ocean floor and from the surrounding coasts. Although existing records are far from complete, they indicate that sea ice became a feature of the Arctic by 47 Ma, following a pronounced decline in atmospheric pCO2 after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Optimum, and consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for no less than the last 13–14 million years. Ice was apparently most widespread during the last 2–3 million years, in accordance with Earth's overall cooler climate. Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene, after which the northern high latitudes cooled overall, with some superimposed shorter-term (multidecadal to millennial-scale) and lower-magnitude variability. The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Quaternary Science Reviews 29 15-16 1757 1778 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Natural Environment Research Council: NERC Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnerc |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Polyak, Leonid Alley, Richard B. Andrews, John T. Brigham-Grette, Julie Cronin, Thomas M. Darby, Dennis A. Dyke, Arthur S. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Funder, Svend Holland, Marika Jennings, Anne E. Miller, Gifford H. O'Regan, Matt Savelle, James Serreze, Mark St. John, Kristen White, James W.C. Wolff, Eric History of sea ice in the Arctic |
topic_facet |
Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology |
description |
Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This information can be provided by proxy records from the Arctic Ocean floor and from the surrounding coasts. Although existing records are far from complete, they indicate that sea ice became a feature of the Arctic by 47 Ma, following a pronounced decline in atmospheric pCO2 after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Optimum, and consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for no less than the last 13–14 million years. Ice was apparently most widespread during the last 2–3 million years, in accordance with Earth's overall cooler climate. Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene, after which the northern high latitudes cooled overall, with some superimposed shorter-term (multidecadal to millennial-scale) and lower-magnitude variability. The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Polyak, Leonid Alley, Richard B. Andrews, John T. Brigham-Grette, Julie Cronin, Thomas M. Darby, Dennis A. Dyke, Arthur S. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Funder, Svend Holland, Marika Jennings, Anne E. Miller, Gifford H. O'Regan, Matt Savelle, James Serreze, Mark St. John, Kristen White, James W.C. Wolff, Eric |
author_facet |
Polyak, Leonid Alley, Richard B. Andrews, John T. Brigham-Grette, Julie Cronin, Thomas M. Darby, Dennis A. Dyke, Arthur S. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Funder, Svend Holland, Marika Jennings, Anne E. Miller, Gifford H. O'Regan, Matt Savelle, James Serreze, Mark St. John, Kristen White, James W.C. Wolff, Eric |
author_sort |
Polyak, Leonid |
title |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_short |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_full |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_sort |
history of sea ice in the arctic |
publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10556/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
Polyak, Leonid; Alley, Richard B.; Andrews, John T.; Brigham-Grette, Julie; Cronin, Thomas M.; Darby, Dennis A.; Dyke, Arthur S.; Fitzpatrick, Joan J.; Funder, Svend; Holland, Marika; Jennings, Anne E.; Miller, Gifford H.; O'Regan, Matt; Savelle, James; Serreze, Mark; St. John, Kristen; White, James W.C.; Wolff, Eric. 2010 History of sea ice in the Arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29 (15-16). 1757-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
15-16 |
container_start_page |
1757 |
op_container_end_page |
1778 |
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1766300912660250624 |