Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response
The paper constitutes Part 2 of a study performing a first systematicinter-model comparison of the atmospheric responses to stratospheric aerosolinjection (SAI) at various single latitudes in the tropics, as simulated bythree state-of-the-art Earth system models - CESM2-WACCM6, UKESM1.0, andGISS-E2....
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 |
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_26029 2023-10-01T03:52:15+02:00 Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response Bednarz, Ewa M. (author) Visioni, Daniele (author) Kravitz, Ben (author) Jones, Andy (author) Haywood, James M. (author) Richter, Jadwiga (author) MacMartin, Douglas G. (author) Braesicke, Peter (author) 2023-01-16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 en eng Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics--Atmos. Chem. Phys.--1680-7324 Data and scripts from: Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models--10.7298/22cq-mx33 articles:26029 doi:10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 ark:/85065/d7pn99j6 Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. article Text 2023 ftncar https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 2023-09-04T18:21:22Z The paper constitutes Part 2 of a study performing a first systematicinter-model comparison of the atmospheric responses to stratospheric aerosolinjection (SAI) at various single latitudes in the tropics, as simulated bythree state-of-the-art Earth system models - CESM2-WACCM6, UKESM1.0, andGISS-E2.1-G. Building on Part 1 (Visioni et al., 2023) we demonstratethe role of biases in the climatological circulation and specific aspects ofthe model microphysics in driving the inter-model differences in thesimulated sulfate distributions. We then characterize the simulated changesin stratospheric and free-tropospheric temperatures, ozone, water vapor, andlarge-scale circulation, elucidating the role of the above aspects inthe surface SAI responses discussed in Part 1. We show that the differences in the aerosol spatial distribution can beexplained by the significantly faster shallow branches of the Brewer-Dobsoncirculation in CESM2, a relatively isolated tropical pipe and older tropicalage of air in UKESM, and smaller aerosol sizes and relatively strongerhorizontal mixing (thus very young stratospheric age of air) in the two GISSversions used. We also find a large spread in the magnitudes of the tropicallower-stratospheric warming amongst the models, driven by microphysical,chemical, and dynamical differences. These lead to large differences instratospheric water vapor responses, with significant increases instratospheric water vapor under SAI in CESM2 and GISS that were largely notreproduced in UKESM. For ozone, good agreement was found in the tropicalstratosphere amongst the models with more complex microphysics, with lowerstratospheric ozone changes consistent with the SAI-induced modulation ofthe large-scale circulation and the resulting changes in transport. Incontrast, we find a large inter-model spread in the Antarctic ozoneresponses that can largely be explained by the differences in the simulatedlatitudinal distributions of aerosols as well as the degree ofimplementation of heterogeneous halogen chemistry on ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Antarctic The Antarctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23 1 687 709 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
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ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
The paper constitutes Part 2 of a study performing a first systematicinter-model comparison of the atmospheric responses to stratospheric aerosolinjection (SAI) at various single latitudes in the tropics, as simulated bythree state-of-the-art Earth system models - CESM2-WACCM6, UKESM1.0, andGISS-E2.1-G. Building on Part 1 (Visioni et al., 2023) we demonstratethe role of biases in the climatological circulation and specific aspects ofthe model microphysics in driving the inter-model differences in thesimulated sulfate distributions. We then characterize the simulated changesin stratospheric and free-tropospheric temperatures, ozone, water vapor, andlarge-scale circulation, elucidating the role of the above aspects inthe surface SAI responses discussed in Part 1. We show that the differences in the aerosol spatial distribution can beexplained by the significantly faster shallow branches of the Brewer-Dobsoncirculation in CESM2, a relatively isolated tropical pipe and older tropicalage of air in UKESM, and smaller aerosol sizes and relatively strongerhorizontal mixing (thus very young stratospheric age of air) in the two GISSversions used. We also find a large spread in the magnitudes of the tropicallower-stratospheric warming amongst the models, driven by microphysical,chemical, and dynamical differences. These lead to large differences instratospheric water vapor responses, with significant increases instratospheric water vapor under SAI in CESM2 and GISS that were largely notreproduced in UKESM. For ozone, good agreement was found in the tropicalstratosphere amongst the models with more complex microphysics, with lowerstratospheric ozone changes consistent with the SAI-induced modulation ofthe large-scale circulation and the resulting changes in transport. Incontrast, we find a large inter-model spread in the Antarctic ozoneresponses that can largely be explained by the differences in the simulatedlatitudinal distributions of aerosols as well as the degree ofimplementation of heterogeneous halogen chemistry on ... |
author2 |
Bednarz, Ewa M. (author) Visioni, Daniele (author) Kravitz, Ben (author) Jones, Andy (author) Haywood, James M. (author) Richter, Jadwiga (author) MacMartin, Douglas G. (author) Braesicke, Peter (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
spellingShingle |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
title_short |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
title_full |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
title_fullStr |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
title_sort |
climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three earth system models – part 2: stratospheric and free-tropospheric response |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics--Atmos. Chem. Phys.--1680-7324 Data and scripts from: Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth System Models--10.7298/22cq-mx33 articles:26029 doi:10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 ark:/85065/d7pn99j6 |
op_rights |
Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-687-2023 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
23 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
687 |
op_container_end_page |
709 |
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1778518104725258240 |