Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES
Climate and numerical weather prediction models struggle to accurately predict radiative forcing over the Southern Ocean (SO), as the amount of clouds and their phases are poorly represented in such models due to a lack of observations upon which to base parameterizations. To address this, a novel p...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 |
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_25917 2023-10-01T03:59:35+02:00 Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES Schima, Julian (author) McFarquhar, Greg (author) Romatschke, Ulrike (author) Vivekanandan, Jothiram (author) D’Alessandro, John (author) Haggerty, Julie (author) Wolff, Cory (author) Schaefer, Ethan (author) Järvinen, Emma (author) Schnaiter, Martin (author) 2022-11-16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 en eng Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres--JGR Atmospheres--2169-897X--2169-8996 NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER 2D-S Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Product Data. Version 1.1--10.26023/8HMG-WQP3-XA0X SOCRATES Cloud Phase Product. Version 1.0--10.26023/S6WS-G5QE-H113 PHIPS-HALO Stereo Imaging Data. Version 1.0--10.5065/D62B8WWF SOCRATES: NCAR HCR radar and HSRL lidar moments data. Version 3.1--10.5065/D64J0CZS SOCRATES: Low Rate (LRT - 1 sps) Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics Flight-Level Data. Version 1.3--10.5065/D6M32TM9 articles:25917 doi:10.1029/2022JD037277 ark:/85065/d7fr01gf Copyright 2022 American Geophysical Union. article Text 2022 ftncar https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 2023-09-04T18:21:26Z Climate and numerical weather prediction models struggle to accurately predict radiative forcing over the Southern Ocean (SO), as the amount of clouds and their phases are poorly represented in such models due to a lack of observations upon which to base parameterizations. To address this, a novel particle identification (PID) scheme, based upon airborne radar and lidar data, was applied to data collected during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Aerosol, Radiation Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) to assess the vertical structure of SO boundary layer clouds. A comparison between the PID scheme and in situ phase data from SOCRATES showed relatively good agreement between the two data types. The convectivity of the clouds sampled during SOCRATES was determined using the novel Echo Classification from COnvectivity for Vertically pointing radars product. The PID and in situ data were then used synergistically to identify the following features of cloud vertical structure: (a) Supercooled liquid water was very common (Probability, P similar to 80%) at cloud top for convective and stratiform clouds; (b) Supercooled large drops with maximum dimensions >95 mu m frequently appear within a hundred meters below cloud top, particularly within convective clouds (Max P 35%-45%), but also within stratiform clouds (Max P 20%-30%); (c) Ice production was associated with convective activity, with P similar to 20% at cloud top, increasing to 50%-70% 200 m below top, compared to P < 30% everywhere in stratiform clouds; (d) Convective clouds were found to be more vertically heterogeneous than stratiform clouds. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127 21 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
Climate and numerical weather prediction models struggle to accurately predict radiative forcing over the Southern Ocean (SO), as the amount of clouds and their phases are poorly represented in such models due to a lack of observations upon which to base parameterizations. To address this, a novel particle identification (PID) scheme, based upon airborne radar and lidar data, was applied to data collected during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Aerosol, Radiation Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) to assess the vertical structure of SO boundary layer clouds. A comparison between the PID scheme and in situ phase data from SOCRATES showed relatively good agreement between the two data types. The convectivity of the clouds sampled during SOCRATES was determined using the novel Echo Classification from COnvectivity for Vertically pointing radars product. The PID and in situ data were then used synergistically to identify the following features of cloud vertical structure: (a) Supercooled liquid water was very common (Probability, P similar to 80%) at cloud top for convective and stratiform clouds; (b) Supercooled large drops with maximum dimensions >95 mu m frequently appear within a hundred meters below cloud top, particularly within convective clouds (Max P 35%-45%), but also within stratiform clouds (Max P 20%-30%); (c) Ice production was associated with convective activity, with P similar to 20% at cloud top, increasing to 50%-70% 200 m below top, compared to P < 30% everywhere in stratiform clouds; (d) Convective clouds were found to be more vertically heterogeneous than stratiform clouds. |
author2 |
Schima, Julian (author) McFarquhar, Greg (author) Romatschke, Ulrike (author) Vivekanandan, Jothiram (author) D’Alessandro, John (author) Haggerty, Julie (author) Wolff, Cory (author) Schaefer, Ethan (author) Järvinen, Emma (author) Schnaiter, Martin (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
spellingShingle |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
title_short |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
title_full |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES |
title_sort |
characterization of southern ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: results from socrates |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres--JGR Atmospheres--2169-897X--2169-8996 NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER 2D-S Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Product Data. Version 1.1--10.26023/8HMG-WQP3-XA0X SOCRATES Cloud Phase Product. Version 1.0--10.26023/S6WS-G5QE-H113 PHIPS-HALO Stereo Imaging Data. Version 1.0--10.5065/D62B8WWF SOCRATES: NCAR HCR radar and HSRL lidar moments data. Version 3.1--10.5065/D64J0CZS SOCRATES: Low Rate (LRT - 1 sps) Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics Flight-Level Data. Version 1.3--10.5065/D6M32TM9 articles:25917 doi:10.1029/2022JD037277 ark:/85065/d7fr01gf |
op_rights |
Copyright 2022 American Geophysical Union. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
127 |
container_issue |
21 |
_version_ |
1778533765052628992 |