Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum
Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future climate change, it is...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_25358 2024-04-14T08:19:06+00:00 Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum Green, Ryan A. (author) Menviel, Laurie (author) Meissner, Katrin J. (author) Crosta, Xavier (author) Chandan, Deepak (author) Lohmann, Gerrit (author) Peltier, W. Richard (author) Shi, Xiaoxu (author) Zhu, Jiang (author) 2022-04-20 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 en eng Climate of the Past--Clim. Past--1814-9332 LOVECLIM ocean and sea-ice results--10.26190/K6XA-T076 LGM seasonal sea ice multi-model mean for PMIP3, PMIP4 and LOVECLIM sensitivity runs--10.26190/unsworks/1636 articles:25358 doi:10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 ark:/85065/d7g164hg Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. article Text 2022 ftncar https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 2024-03-21T18:00:26Z Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future climate change, it is important to assess their performance against observations for a range of different climate states. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, similar to 21 000 years ago) represents an interesting target as it is a relatively well-documented period with climatic conditions very different from preindustrial conditions. Here, we analyze the LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover as simulated in numerical simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases 3 and 4. We compare the model outputs to a recently updated compilation of LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover and summer sea surface temperature (SST) to assess the most likely LGM Southern Ocean state. Simulations and paleo-proxy records suggest a fairly well-constrained glacial winter sea-ice edge between 50.5 and 51 degrees S. However, the spread in simulated glacial summer seaice is wide, ranging from almost ice-free conditions to a seaice edge reaching 53 degrees S. Combining model outputs and proxy data, we estimate a likely LGM summer sea-ice edge between 61 and 62 degrees S and a mean summer sea-ice extent of 14-15 x 10(6) km(2) , which is similar to 20 %similar to 30 % larger than previous estimates. These estimates point to a higher seasonality of southern hemispheric sea-ice during the LGM than today. We also analyze the main processes defining the summer sea-ice edge within each of the models. We find that summer sea-ice cover is mainly defined by thermodynamic effects in some models, while the sea-ice edge is defined by the position of Southern Ocean upwelling in others. For models included in both PMIP3 and PMIP4, this thermodynamic or dynamic control on sea-ice is consistent across both experiments. Finally, we find ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Southern Ocean OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Southern Ocean Climate of the Past 18 4 845 862 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
Southern hemispheric sea-ice impacts ocean circulation and the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Sea-ice is therefore one of the key processes in past and future climate change and variability. As climate models are the only tool available to project future climate change, it is important to assess their performance against observations for a range of different climate states. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, similar to 21 000 years ago) represents an interesting target as it is a relatively well-documented period with climatic conditions very different from preindustrial conditions. Here, we analyze the LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover as simulated in numerical simulations as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases 3 and 4. We compare the model outputs to a recently updated compilation of LGM seasonal Southern Ocean sea-ice cover and summer sea surface temperature (SST) to assess the most likely LGM Southern Ocean state. Simulations and paleo-proxy records suggest a fairly well-constrained glacial winter sea-ice edge between 50.5 and 51 degrees S. However, the spread in simulated glacial summer seaice is wide, ranging from almost ice-free conditions to a seaice edge reaching 53 degrees S. Combining model outputs and proxy data, we estimate a likely LGM summer sea-ice edge between 61 and 62 degrees S and a mean summer sea-ice extent of 14-15 x 10(6) km(2) , which is similar to 20 %similar to 30 % larger than previous estimates. These estimates point to a higher seasonality of southern hemispheric sea-ice during the LGM than today. We also analyze the main processes defining the summer sea-ice edge within each of the models. We find that summer sea-ice cover is mainly defined by thermodynamic effects in some models, while the sea-ice edge is defined by the position of Southern Ocean upwelling in others. For models included in both PMIP3 and PMIP4, this thermodynamic or dynamic control on sea-ice is consistent across both experiments. Finally, we find ... |
author2 |
Green, Ryan A. (author) Menviel, Laurie (author) Meissner, Katrin J. (author) Crosta, Xavier (author) Chandan, Deepak (author) Lohmann, Gerrit (author) Peltier, W. Richard (author) Shi, Xiaoxu (author) Zhu, Jiang (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
spellingShingle |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_short |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_full |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum |
title_sort |
evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the southern ocean at the last glacial maximum |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Climate of the Past--Clim. Past--1814-9332 LOVECLIM ocean and sea-ice results--10.26190/K6XA-T076 LGM seasonal sea ice multi-model mean for PMIP3, PMIP4 and LOVECLIM sensitivity runs--10.26190/unsworks/1636 articles:25358 doi:10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 ark:/85065/d7g164hg |
op_rights |
Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
845 |
op_container_end_page |
862 |
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1796318711209000960 |