The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole
The catalytic depletion of Antarctic stratospheric ozone is linked to anthropogenic emissions of chlorine and bromine. Despite its larger ozone-depleting efficiency, the contribution of oceanemitted iodine to ozone hole chemistry has not been evaluated, due to the negligible iodine levels previously...
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_25233 2024-04-28T07:56:56+00:00 The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole Cuevas, Carlos A. (author) Fernandez, Rafael P. (author) Kinnison, Douglas E. (author) Li, Qinyi (author) Lamarque, Jean-Francois (author) Trabelsi, Tarek (author) Francisco, Joseph S. (author) Solomon, Susan (author) Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso (author) 2022-02-07 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110864119 en eng Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences--Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.--0027-8424--1091-6490 articles:25233 doi:10.1073/pnas.2110864119 ark:/85065/d76w9fq5 Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. article Text 2022 ftncar https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110864119 2024-04-04T17:32:42Z The catalytic depletion of Antarctic stratospheric ozone is linked to anthropogenic emissions of chlorine and bromine. Despite its larger ozone-depleting efficiency, the contribution of oceanemitted iodine to ozone hole chemistry has not been evaluated, due to the negligible iodine levels previously reported to reach the stratosphere. Based on the recently observed range (0.77 +/- 0.1 parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) of stratospheric iodine injection, we use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to assess the role of iodine in the formation and recent past evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole. Our 1980-2015 simulations indicate that iodine can significantly impact the lower part of the Antarctic ozone hole, contributing, on average, 10% of the lower stratospheric ozone loss during spring (up to 4.2% of the total stratospheric column). We find that the inclusion of iodine advances the beginning and delays the closure stages of the ozone hole by 3 d to 5 d, increasing its area and mass deficit by 11% and 20%, respectively. Despite being present in much smaller amounts, and due to faster gas-phase photochemical reactivation, iodine can dominate (similar to 73%) the halogen-mediated lower stratospheric ozone loss during summer and early fall, when the heterogeneous reactivation of inorganic chlorine and bromine reservoirs is reduced. The stratospheric ozone destruction caused by 0.77 pptv of iodine over Antarctica is equivalent to that of 3.1 (4.6) pptv of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons during spring (rest of sunlit period). The relative contribution of iodine to future stratospheric ozone loss is likely to increase as anthropogenic chlorine and bromine emissions decline following the Montreal Protocol. 1852977 80NSSC19K0952 Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
The catalytic depletion of Antarctic stratospheric ozone is linked to anthropogenic emissions of chlorine and bromine. Despite its larger ozone-depleting efficiency, the contribution of oceanemitted iodine to ozone hole chemistry has not been evaluated, due to the negligible iodine levels previously reported to reach the stratosphere. Based on the recently observed range (0.77 +/- 0.1 parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) of stratospheric iodine injection, we use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to assess the role of iodine in the formation and recent past evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole. Our 1980-2015 simulations indicate that iodine can significantly impact the lower part of the Antarctic ozone hole, contributing, on average, 10% of the lower stratospheric ozone loss during spring (up to 4.2% of the total stratospheric column). We find that the inclusion of iodine advances the beginning and delays the closure stages of the ozone hole by 3 d to 5 d, increasing its area and mass deficit by 11% and 20%, respectively. Despite being present in much smaller amounts, and due to faster gas-phase photochemical reactivation, iodine can dominate (similar to 73%) the halogen-mediated lower stratospheric ozone loss during summer and early fall, when the heterogeneous reactivation of inorganic chlorine and bromine reservoirs is reduced. The stratospheric ozone destruction caused by 0.77 pptv of iodine over Antarctica is equivalent to that of 3.1 (4.6) pptv of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons during spring (rest of sunlit period). The relative contribution of iodine to future stratospheric ozone loss is likely to increase as anthropogenic chlorine and bromine emissions decline following the Montreal Protocol. 1852977 80NSSC19K0952 |
author2 |
Cuevas, Carlos A. (author) Fernandez, Rafael P. (author) Kinnison, Douglas E. (author) Li, Qinyi (author) Lamarque, Jean-Francois (author) Trabelsi, Tarek (author) Francisco, Joseph S. (author) Solomon, Susan (author) Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
spellingShingle |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
title_short |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
title_full |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
title_fullStr |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of iodine on the Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
title_sort |
influence of iodine on the antarctic stratospheric ozone hole |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110864119 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences--Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.--0027-8424--1091-6490 articles:25233 doi:10.1073/pnas.2110864119 ark:/85065/d76w9fq5 |
op_rights |
Copyright author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110864119 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
119 |
container_issue |
7 |
_version_ |
1797585709724336128 |