Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series

Ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs) are deduced as a residual using energy budgets to produce latitude versus time series for the globe, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation is combined with the vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence from atmospheric rea...

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Published in:Journal of Climate
Other Authors: Trenberth, Kevin E. (author), Zhang, Yongxin (author), Fasullo, John T. (author), Cheng, Lijing (author)
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1
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spelling ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_22612 2023-09-05T13:21:38+02:00 Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series Trenberth, Kevin E. (author) Zhang, Yongxin (author) Fasullo, John T. (author) Cheng, Lijing (author) 2019-07-01 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1 en eng Journal of Climate--J. Climate--0894-8755--1520-0442 Ocean Meridional Heat Transport Values--10.5065/9v3y-fn61 articles:22612 ark:/85065/d77h1npp doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1 Copyright 2019 American Meteorological Society. article Text 2019 ftncar https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1 2023-08-14T18:49:34Z Ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs) are deduced as a residual using energy budgets to produce latitude versus time series for the globe, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation is combined with the vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence from atmospheric reanalyses to produce the net surface energy fluxes everywhere. The latter is then combined with estimates of the vertically integrated ocean heat content (OHC) tendency to produce estimates of the ocean heat divergence. Because seasonal sea ice and land runoff effects are not fully considered, the mean annual cycle is incomplete, but those effects are small for interannual variability. However, there is a mismatch between 12-month inferred surface flux and the corresponding OHC changes globally, requiring adjustments to account for the Earth's global energy imbalance. Estimates are greatly improved by building in the constraint that MHT must go to zero at the northern and southern extents of the ocean basin at all times, enabling biases between the TOA and OHC data to be reconciled. Zonal mean global, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic basin ocean MHTs are computed and presented as 12-month running means and for the mean annual cycle for 2000-16. For the Indo-Pacific, the tropical and subtropical MHTs feature a strong relationship with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and in the Atlantic, MHT interannual variability is significantly affected by and likely influences the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, Atlantic and Pacific changes are linked, suggesting that the northern annular mode (as opposed to NAO) is predominant. There is also evidence of decadal variability or trends. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Pacific Journal of Climate 32 14 4567 4583
institution Open Polar
collection OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research)
op_collection_id ftncar
language English
description Ocean meridional heat transports (MHTs) are deduced as a residual using energy budgets to produce latitude versus time series for the globe, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation is combined with the vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence from atmospheric reanalyses to produce the net surface energy fluxes everywhere. The latter is then combined with estimates of the vertically integrated ocean heat content (OHC) tendency to produce estimates of the ocean heat divergence. Because seasonal sea ice and land runoff effects are not fully considered, the mean annual cycle is incomplete, but those effects are small for interannual variability. However, there is a mismatch between 12-month inferred surface flux and the corresponding OHC changes globally, requiring adjustments to account for the Earth's global energy imbalance. Estimates are greatly improved by building in the constraint that MHT must go to zero at the northern and southern extents of the ocean basin at all times, enabling biases between the TOA and OHC data to be reconciled. Zonal mean global, Indo-Pacific, and Atlantic basin ocean MHTs are computed and presented as 12-month running means and for the mean annual cycle for 2000-16. For the Indo-Pacific, the tropical and subtropical MHTs feature a strong relationship with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and in the Atlantic, MHT interannual variability is significantly affected by and likely influences the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, Atlantic and Pacific changes are linked, suggesting that the northern annular mode (as opposed to NAO) is predominant. There is also evidence of decadal variability or trends.
author2 Trenberth, Kevin E. (author)
Zhang, Yongxin (author)
Fasullo, John T. (author)
Cheng, Lijing (author)
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
title Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
spellingShingle Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
title_short Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
title_full Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
title_fullStr Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
title_full_unstemmed Observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
title_sort observation-based estimates of global and basin ocean meridional heat transport time series
publishDate 2019
url https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1
geographic Pacific
geographic_facet Pacific
genre North Atlantic
North Atlantic oscillation
Sea ice
genre_facet North Atlantic
North Atlantic oscillation
Sea ice
op_relation Journal of Climate--J. Climate--0894-8755--1520-0442
Ocean Meridional Heat Transport Values--10.5065/9v3y-fn61
articles:22612
ark:/85065/d77h1npp
doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1
op_rights Copyright 2019 American Meteorological Society.
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0872.1
container_title Journal of Climate
container_volume 32
container_issue 14
container_start_page 4567
op_container_end_page 4583
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