Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): NA17GP1376. Annual and monthly mean values of continental freshwater discharge into the oceans are estimated at 1° resolution using several methods. The most accurate estimate is based on streamflow data from the world's largest 921 rivers...
Other Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7639r2f |
id |
ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_17601 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_17601 2023-05-15T15:15:43+02:00 Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations Dai, Aiguo (Aiguo Dai) (authoraut) Trenberth, Kevin (Kevin E. Trenberth) (authoraut) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (funderfnd) application/pdf http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7639r2f en eng Journal of Hydrometeorology articles:17601 uri: http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-019-355 ISI:000179814100004 ark:/85065/d7639r2f http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7639r2f Copyright 2002 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS's permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form on servers, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license form the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/AMS) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyright@ametsoc.org. Text article ftncar 2022-08-09T17:14:48Z National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): NA17GP1376. Annual and monthly mean values of continental freshwater discharge into the oceans are estimated at 1° resolution using several methods. The most accurate estimate is based on streamflow data from the world's largest 921 rivers, supplemented with estimates of discharge from unmonitored areas based on the ratios of runoff and drainage area between the unmonitored and monitored regions. Simulations using a river transport model (RTM) forced by a runoff field were used to derive the river mouth outflow from the farthest downstream gauge records. Separate estimates are also made using RTM simulations forced by three different runoff fields: 1) based on observed streamflow and a water balance model, and from estimates of precipitation P minus evaporation E computed as residuals from the atmospheric moisture budget using atmospheric reanalyses from 2) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) and 3) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Compared with previous estimates, improvements are made in extending observed discharge downstream to the river mouth, in accounting for the unmonitored streamflow, in discharging runoff at correct locations, and in providing an annual cycle of continental discharge. The use of river mouth outflow increases the global continental discharge by 19% compared with unadjusted streamflow from the farthest downstream stations. The river-based estimate of global continental discharge presented here is 37288 ± 662 km³ yr¹⁻, which is 7.6% of global P or 35% of terrestrial P. While this number is comparable to earlier estimates, its partitioning into individual oceans and its latitudinal distribution differ from earlier studies. The peak discharges into the Arctic, the Pacific, and global oceans occur in June, versus May for the Atlantic and August for the Indian Oceans. Snow accumulation and melt are shown to have large effects on the annual ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Arctic Pacific Indian |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): NA17GP1376. Annual and monthly mean values of continental freshwater discharge into the oceans are estimated at 1° resolution using several methods. The most accurate estimate is based on streamflow data from the world's largest 921 rivers, supplemented with estimates of discharge from unmonitored areas based on the ratios of runoff and drainage area between the unmonitored and monitored regions. Simulations using a river transport model (RTM) forced by a runoff field were used to derive the river mouth outflow from the farthest downstream gauge records. Separate estimates are also made using RTM simulations forced by three different runoff fields: 1) based on observed streamflow and a water balance model, and from estimates of precipitation P minus evaporation E computed as residuals from the atmospheric moisture budget using atmospheric reanalyses from 2) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) and 3) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Compared with previous estimates, improvements are made in extending observed discharge downstream to the river mouth, in accounting for the unmonitored streamflow, in discharging runoff at correct locations, and in providing an annual cycle of continental discharge. The use of river mouth outflow increases the global continental discharge by 19% compared with unadjusted streamflow from the farthest downstream stations. The river-based estimate of global continental discharge presented here is 37288 ± 662 km³ yr¹⁻, which is 7.6% of global P or 35% of terrestrial P. While this number is comparable to earlier estimates, its partitioning into individual oceans and its latitudinal distribution differ from earlier studies. The peak discharges into the Arctic, the Pacific, and global oceans occur in June, versus May for the Atlantic and August for the Indian Oceans. Snow accumulation and melt are shown to have large effects on the annual ... |
author2 |
Dai, Aiguo (Aiguo Dai) (authoraut) Trenberth, Kevin (Kevin E. Trenberth) (authoraut) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (funderfnd) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
spellingShingle |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
title_short |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
title_full |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
title_fullStr |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations |
title_sort |
estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: latitudinal and seasonal variations |
url |
http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7639r2f |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
Journal of Hydrometeorology articles:17601 uri: http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-019-355 ISI:000179814100004 ark:/85065/d7639r2f http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7639r2f |
op_rights |
Copyright 2002 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS's permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form on servers, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license form the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/AMS) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyright@ametsoc.org. |
_version_ |
1766346056596979712 |