The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments
Proxy records indicate that the locations and magnitudes of freshwater forcing to the Atlantic Ocean basin as iceberg discharges into the high-latitude North Atlantic, Laurentide meltwater input to the Gulf of Mexico, or meltwater diversion to the North Atlantic via the St. Lawrence River and other...
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Online Access: | http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-505 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 |
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_17154 2023-09-05T13:13:19+02:00 The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments Otto-Bliesner, Bette (author) Brady, Esther (author) 2010-01-01 http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-505 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 en eng Elsevier Ltd. Quaternary Science Reviews http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-505 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 ark:/85065/d71n82cs NOTICE: This is the author's version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Text article 2010 ftncar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 2023-08-14T18:35:58Z Proxy records indicate that the locations and magnitudes of freshwater forcing to the Atlantic Ocean basin as iceberg discharges into the high-latitude North Atlantic, Laurentide meltwater input to the Gulf of Mexico, or meltwater diversion to the North Atlantic via the St. Lawrence River and other eastern outlets may have influenced the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and global climate. We have performed Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations with the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) in which the magnitude of the freshwater forcing has been varied from 0.1 to 1 Sv and inserted either into the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. In these glacial freshening experiments, the less dense freshwater provides a lid on the ocean water below, suppressing ocean convection and interaction with the atmosphere above and reducing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This is the case whether the freshwater is added directly to the area of convection south of Greenland or transported there by the subtropical and subpolar gyres when added to the Gulf of Mexico. The AMOC reduction is less for the smaller freshwater forcings, but is not linear with the size of the freshwater perturbation. The recovery of the AMOC from a “slow” state is ∼200 years for the 0.1 Sv experiment and ∼500 years for the 1 Sv experiment. For glacial climates, with large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and reduced greenhouse gases, the cold subpolar North Atlantic is primed to respond rapidly and dramatically to freshwater that is either directly dumped into this region or after being advected from the Gulf of Mexico. Greenland temperatures cool by 6–8 °C in all the experiments, with little sensitivity to the magnitude, location or duration of the freshwater forcing, but exhibiting large seasonality. Sea ice is important for explaining the responses. The Northern Hemisphere high latitudes are slow to recover. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean show a bipolar response, with warming and reduced sea ice. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Greenland North Atlantic North atlantic Thermohaline circulation Sea ice Southern Ocean OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Greenland Lawrence River ENVELOPE(-115.002,-115.002,58.384,58.384) Southern Ocean Quaternary Science Reviews 29 1-2 56 73 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
Proxy records indicate that the locations and magnitudes of freshwater forcing to the Atlantic Ocean basin as iceberg discharges into the high-latitude North Atlantic, Laurentide meltwater input to the Gulf of Mexico, or meltwater diversion to the North Atlantic via the St. Lawrence River and other eastern outlets may have influenced the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and global climate. We have performed Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations with the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) in which the magnitude of the freshwater forcing has been varied from 0.1 to 1 Sv and inserted either into the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. In these glacial freshening experiments, the less dense freshwater provides a lid on the ocean water below, suppressing ocean convection and interaction with the atmosphere above and reducing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This is the case whether the freshwater is added directly to the area of convection south of Greenland or transported there by the subtropical and subpolar gyres when added to the Gulf of Mexico. The AMOC reduction is less for the smaller freshwater forcings, but is not linear with the size of the freshwater perturbation. The recovery of the AMOC from a “slow” state is ∼200 years for the 0.1 Sv experiment and ∼500 years for the 1 Sv experiment. For glacial climates, with large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and reduced greenhouse gases, the cold subpolar North Atlantic is primed to respond rapidly and dramatically to freshwater that is either directly dumped into this region or after being advected from the Gulf of Mexico. Greenland temperatures cool by 6–8 °C in all the experiments, with little sensitivity to the magnitude, location or duration of the freshwater forcing, but exhibiting large seasonality. Sea ice is important for explaining the responses. The Northern Hemisphere high latitudes are slow to recover. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean show a bipolar response, with warming and reduced sea ice. ... |
author2 |
Otto-Bliesner, Bette (author) Brady, Esther (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
spellingShingle |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
title_short |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
title_full |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
title_fullStr |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
title_full_unstemmed |
The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: Last glacial maximum experiments |
title_sort |
sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: last glacial maximum experiments |
publisher |
Elsevier Ltd. |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-505 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-115.002,-115.002,58.384,58.384) |
geographic |
Greenland Lawrence River Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Lawrence River Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland North Atlantic North atlantic Thermohaline circulation Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland North Atlantic North atlantic Thermohaline circulation Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Quaternary Science Reviews http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-505 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 ark:/85065/d71n82cs |
op_rights |
NOTICE: This is the author's version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
1-2 |
container_start_page |
56 |
op_container_end_page |
73 |
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1776204579853041664 |