History of sea ice in the Arctic
Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This inform...
Published in: | Quaternary Science Reviews |
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Online Access: | http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
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ftncar:oai:drupal-site.org:articles_10455 2023-09-05T13:16:11+02:00 History of sea ice in the Arctic Polyak, Leonid (author) Alley, Richard (author) Andrews, John (author) Brigham, Julie (author) Cronin, Thomas (author) Darby, Dennis (author) Dyke, Arthur (author) Fitzpatrick, Joan (author) Funder, Svend (author) Holland, Marika (author) Jennings, Anne (author) Miller, Gifford (author) O'Regan, Matt (author) Savelle, James (author) Serreze, Mark (author) St John, Kristen (author) White, James (author) Wolff, Eric (author) 2010-07-01 http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 en eng Elsevier Ltd. Quaternary Science Reviews http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-946 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 ark:/85065/d7wq048p NOTICE: This is the author's version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Text article 2010 ftncar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 2023-08-14T18:36:35Z Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This information can be provided by proxy records from the Arctic Ocean floor and from the surrounding coasts. Although existing records are far from complete, they indicate that sea ice became a feature of the Arctic by 47 Ma, following a pronounced decline in atmospheric pCO2 after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Optimum, and consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for no less than the last 13–14 million years. Ice was apparently most widespread during the last 2–3 million years, in accordance with Earth's overall cooler climate. Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene, after which the northern high latitudes cooled overall, with some superimposed shorter-term (multidecadal to millennial-scale) and lower-magnitude variability. The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) Arctic Arctic Ocean Quaternary Science Reviews 29 15-16 1757 1778 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenSky (NCAR/UCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftncar |
language |
English |
description |
Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into perspective requires information on the history of Arctic sea-ice conditions through the geologic past. This information can be provided by proxy records from the Arctic Ocean floor and from the surrounding coasts. Although existing records are far from complete, they indicate that sea ice became a feature of the Arctic by 47 Ma, following a pronounced decline in atmospheric pCO2 after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Optimum, and consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for no less than the last 13–14 million years. Ice was apparently most widespread during the last 2–3 million years, in accordance with Earth's overall cooler climate. Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene, after which the northern high latitudes cooled overall, with some superimposed shorter-term (multidecadal to millennial-scale) and lower-magnitude variability. The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities. |
author2 |
Polyak, Leonid (author) Alley, Richard (author) Andrews, John (author) Brigham, Julie (author) Cronin, Thomas (author) Darby, Dennis (author) Dyke, Arthur (author) Fitzpatrick, Joan (author) Funder, Svend (author) Holland, Marika (author) Jennings, Anne (author) Miller, Gifford (author) O'Regan, Matt (author) Savelle, James (author) Serreze, Mark (author) St John, Kristen (author) White, James (author) Wolff, Eric (author) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
spellingShingle |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_short |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_full |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
History of sea ice in the Arctic |
title_sort |
history of sea ice in the arctic |
publisher |
Elsevier Ltd. |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
Quaternary Science Reviews http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/OSGC-000-000-000-946 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 ark:/85065/d7wq048p |
op_rights |
NOTICE: This is the author's version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
15-16 |
container_start_page |
1757 |
op_container_end_page |
1778 |
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1776197862018777088 |