Quantification of the pelagic primary production beneath Arctic sea ice

• Main Authors: Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Osinski, Robert, Jin, Meibing, Frants, Marina, Jeffery, Nicole, Lee, Younjoo
• Other Authors: Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), Oceanography
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: essoar.org 2020
• Subjects: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Chukchi Sea; Lowry; Pacific; Chukchi; Phytoplankton; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10945/65895

Presented, 2020 Ocean Sciences Meeting, 16-21 February 2020, San Diego, CA USA The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10502377.1 In high-latitude environments such as the Arctic Ocean, phytoplankton growth is strongly constrained by light availability. Because light penetration into the upper ocean is attenuated by snow and ice cover, it was generally believed until recently that phytoplankton growth was limited to areas of open water, with negligible growth under the ice. However, under-ice phytoplankton blooms have been reported multiple times over the past several decades [e.g. Fukuchi et al. (1989); Legendre, Ingram, and Poulin (1989)]. In July 2011, Arrigo et al. (2012) observed a massive phytoplankton bloom beneath sea ice in the Chukchi Sea. Observational evidence suggests that this bloom was not an isolated case, and that under-ice blooms maybe widespread on Arctic continental shelves (Arrigo et al., 2014; Lowry, van Dijken, & Arrigo, 2014). Arrigo and van Dijken (2011) estimate the total primary production north of the Arctic Circle to be 438 +/- 21.5 Tg C yr -1. However, due to observational limitations, this estimate did not include under sea ice production. Therefore, an open question remains: How important are under-ice phytoplankton blooms to the total Arctic primary production? RASM is a high-resolution, fully-coupled, regional model with a domain encompassing the entire marine cryosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, including the major inflow and outflow pathways, with extensions into North Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The components of RASM include: atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, biogeochemical, and land hydrology (Maslowski et al. 2012, Roberts et al. 2015, DuVivier et al. 2016, Hamman et al. 2016, Hamman et al. 2017, Cassano et al. 2017). The ocean BGC component in RASM is a medium-complexity Nutrients-Phytoplankton-Zoo-plankton-Detritus (NPZD) model (Jin et al. 2018). The model has three phytoplankton categories: diatoms, small phytoplankton and ...