An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts
It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry o...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2007
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070034833 |
id |
ftnasantrs:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20070034833 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftnasantrs:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20070034833 2023-05-15T18:23:00+02:00 An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts Grannas, A. M. Beine, H. J. Bottenheim, J. Helmig, D. Hutterli, M. Plane, J. McConnell, J. Dibb, J. Heard, D. E. Hoffmann, M. R. Jones, A. E. Domine, F. Boxe, C. S. Jacobi, H.-W. Guzman, M. I. Ammann, M. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Frey, M. M. Honrath, R. E. Anastasio, C. Bergin, M. Carver, G. Klan, P. Huey, L. G. Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available [2007] application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070034833 unknown Document ID: 20070034833 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070034833 Copyright, Distribution as joint owner in the copyright CASI Meteorology and Climatology 2007 ftnasantrs 2019-07-21T06:47:22Z It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3-4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively small boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. Other/Unknown Material South pole NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) South Pole |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) |
op_collection_id |
ftnasantrs |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Meteorology and Climatology |
spellingShingle |
Meteorology and Climatology Grannas, A. M. Beine, H. J. Bottenheim, J. Helmig, D. Hutterli, M. Plane, J. McConnell, J. Dibb, J. Heard, D. E. Hoffmann, M. R. Jones, A. E. Domine, F. Boxe, C. S. Jacobi, H.-W. Guzman, M. I. Ammann, M. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Frey, M. M. Honrath, R. E. Anastasio, C. Bergin, M. Carver, G. Klan, P. Huey, L. G. An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
topic_facet |
Meteorology and Climatology |
description |
It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3-4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively small boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. |
author |
Grannas, A. M. Beine, H. J. Bottenheim, J. Helmig, D. Hutterli, M. Plane, J. McConnell, J. Dibb, J. Heard, D. E. Hoffmann, M. R. Jones, A. E. Domine, F. Boxe, C. S. Jacobi, H.-W. Guzman, M. I. Ammann, M. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Frey, M. M. Honrath, R. E. Anastasio, C. Bergin, M. Carver, G. Klan, P. Huey, L. G. |
author_facet |
Grannas, A. M. Beine, H. J. Bottenheim, J. Helmig, D. Hutterli, M. Plane, J. McConnell, J. Dibb, J. Heard, D. E. Hoffmann, M. R. Jones, A. E. Domine, F. Boxe, C. S. Jacobi, H.-W. Guzman, M. I. Ammann, M. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Frey, M. M. Honrath, R. E. Anastasio, C. Bergin, M. Carver, G. Klan, P. Huey, L. G. |
author_sort |
Grannas, A. M. |
title |
An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_short |
An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_full |
An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_fullStr |
An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Overview of Snow Photochemistry: Evidence, Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_sort |
overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070034833 |
op_coverage |
Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
CASI |
op_relation |
Document ID: 20070034833 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20070034833 |
op_rights |
Copyright, Distribution as joint owner in the copyright |
_version_ |
1766202414321369088 |