Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe
In winter, large interannual fluctuations in the surface skin temperature are observed over central Europe: we observe a difference of 9.8 K comparing warm February 1990 with cold February 1996 for the region 50-60 degrees N; 5-35 degrees E. Previous studies show that advection from the North Atlant...
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ftnasantrs:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20020034964 2023-05-15T17:30:12+02:00 Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe Wu, M.-L. C. Starr, D. Schubert, S. Susskind, J. Otterman, Jay Angell, J. Atlas, Robert Bungato, D. Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available [2001] application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020034964 unknown Document ID: 20020034964 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020034964 No Copyright CASI Environment Pollution 2001 ftnasantrs 2015-03-15T02:24:34Z In winter, large interannual fluctuations in the surface skin temperature are observed over central Europe: we observe a difference of 9.8 K comparing warm February 1990 with cold February 1996 for the region 50-60 degrees N; 5-35 degrees E. Previous studies show that advection from the North Atlantic constitutes the forcing to such fluctuations. The advection is quantified by Index I(sub na), the average of the ocean-surface wind speed over the eastern North Atlantic when the direction is from the southwest (when the wind is from another direction, it counts as a zero speed to the average). Average Ina for February 1990 was 10.6 in s(exp -1), but for February 1996 I(sub na) was only 2.4 m s(exp -1). A large value of I(sub na) means a strong southwesterly flow which brings warm and moist air into Europe at low level, producing a steeper tropospheric lapse rate. Strong ascending motions result, which we observe in February 1990 at 700 mb. The near-surface moisture rises to higher (and cooler) levels, producing clouds and precipitation. Total preciptable water and cloud-cover fraction have larger values in February 1990 than in 1996. The difference in the greenhouse effect between these two scenarios can be translated into a virtual irradiating source of 2.6 W m(exp -2) above the February 1990 atmosphere, which, as an order of magnitude estimate, contributes to the warming of the surface by 2.6 K. If we accept this estimate as numerically pertinent, the direct effect stands as 7.2 K (9.8 K - 2.6 K), and therefore its greenhouse-effect reinforcement is by 36%. This constitutes a substantial positive feedback to the direct effect, which is the inflow of warm air to the low troposphere over Europe. Other/Unknown Material North Atlantic NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) |
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) |
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Environment Pollution |
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Environment Pollution Wu, M.-L. C. Starr, D. Schubert, S. Susskind, J. Otterman, Jay Angell, J. Atlas, Robert Bungato, D. Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
topic_facet |
Environment Pollution |
description |
In winter, large interannual fluctuations in the surface skin temperature are observed over central Europe: we observe a difference of 9.8 K comparing warm February 1990 with cold February 1996 for the region 50-60 degrees N; 5-35 degrees E. Previous studies show that advection from the North Atlantic constitutes the forcing to such fluctuations. The advection is quantified by Index I(sub na), the average of the ocean-surface wind speed over the eastern North Atlantic when the direction is from the southwest (when the wind is from another direction, it counts as a zero speed to the average). Average Ina for February 1990 was 10.6 in s(exp -1), but for February 1996 I(sub na) was only 2.4 m s(exp -1). A large value of I(sub na) means a strong southwesterly flow which brings warm and moist air into Europe at low level, producing a steeper tropospheric lapse rate. Strong ascending motions result, which we observe in February 1990 at 700 mb. The near-surface moisture rises to higher (and cooler) levels, producing clouds and precipitation. Total preciptable water and cloud-cover fraction have larger values in February 1990 than in 1996. The difference in the greenhouse effect between these two scenarios can be translated into a virtual irradiating source of 2.6 W m(exp -2) above the February 1990 atmosphere, which, as an order of magnitude estimate, contributes to the warming of the surface by 2.6 K. If we accept this estimate as numerically pertinent, the direct effect stands as 7.2 K (9.8 K - 2.6 K), and therefore its greenhouse-effect reinforcement is by 36%. This constitutes a substantial positive feedback to the direct effect, which is the inflow of warm air to the low troposphere over Europe. |
author |
Wu, M.-L. C. Starr, D. Schubert, S. Susskind, J. Otterman, Jay Angell, J. Atlas, Robert Bungato, D. |
author_facet |
Wu, M.-L. C. Starr, D. Schubert, S. Susskind, J. Otterman, Jay Angell, J. Atlas, Robert Bungato, D. |
author_sort |
Wu, M.-L. C. |
title |
Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
title_short |
Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
title_full |
Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
title_fullStr |
Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advection from the North Atlantic as the Forcing of Winter Greenhouse Effect Over Europe |
title_sort |
advection from the north atlantic as the forcing of winter greenhouse effect over europe |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020034964 |
op_coverage |
Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
CASI |
op_relation |
Document ID: 20020034964 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020034964 |
op_rights |
No Copyright |
_version_ |
1766126032154263552 |