Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change
The times of historical volcanic aerosol clouds were compared with changes in atmospheric temperatures on regional, hemispheric, and global scales. These involve either a direct comparison of individual significant eruption years with temperature records, or a comparison of eruption years with compo...
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ftnasantrs:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:19910012329 2023-05-15T18:18:50+02:00 Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change Rampino, Michael R. Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available Feb 1, 1991 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910012329 unknown Document ID: 19910012329 Accession ID: 91N21642 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910012329 No Copyright CASI GEOPHYSICS Volcanism-Climate Interactions; 2 p 1991 ftnasantrs 2015-03-15T05:19:00Z The times of historical volcanic aerosol clouds were compared with changes in atmospheric temperatures on regional, hemispheric, and global scales. These involve either a direct comparison of individual significant eruption years with temperature records, or a comparison of eruption years with composited temperature records for several years before and after chosen sets of eruptions. Some studies have challenged the connection between individual eruptions and climate change. Mass and Portman (1989) recently suggested that the volcanic signal was present, but smaller than previously thought. In a study designed to test the idea that eruptions could cause small changes in climate, Hansen and other (1978) chose one of the best monitored eruptions at the time, the 1963 eruption of Agung volcano on the island of Bali. Using a simple radiation-balance model, in which an aerosol cloud in the tropics was simulated, this basic pattern of temperature change in the tropics and subtropics was reproduced. There may be natural limits to the atmospheric effects of any volcanic eruption. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in eruption clouds were proposed. Model results suggest that aerosol microphysical processes of condensation and coagulation produce larger aerosols as the SO2 injection rate is increased. The key to discovering the greatest effects of volcanoes on short-term climate may be to concentrate on regional temperatures where the effects of volcanic aerosol clouds can be amplified by perturbed atmospheric circulation patterns, especially changes in mid-latitudes where meridional circulation patterns may develop. Such climatic perturbations can be detected in proxy evidence such as decreases in tree-ring widths and frost damage rings in climatically sensitive parts of the world, changes in treelines, weather anomalies such as unusually cold summers, severity of sea-ice in polar and subpolar regions, and poor grain yields and crop failures. Other/Unknown Material Sea ice NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Bali ENVELOPE(-20.233,-20.233,64.067,64.067) |
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GEOPHYSICS Rampino, Michael R. Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
topic_facet |
GEOPHYSICS |
description |
The times of historical volcanic aerosol clouds were compared with changes in atmospheric temperatures on regional, hemispheric, and global scales. These involve either a direct comparison of individual significant eruption years with temperature records, or a comparison of eruption years with composited temperature records for several years before and after chosen sets of eruptions. Some studies have challenged the connection between individual eruptions and climate change. Mass and Portman (1989) recently suggested that the volcanic signal was present, but smaller than previously thought. In a study designed to test the idea that eruptions could cause small changes in climate, Hansen and other (1978) chose one of the best monitored eruptions at the time, the 1963 eruption of Agung volcano on the island of Bali. Using a simple radiation-balance model, in which an aerosol cloud in the tropics was simulated, this basic pattern of temperature change in the tropics and subtropics was reproduced. There may be natural limits to the atmospheric effects of any volcanic eruption. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in eruption clouds were proposed. Model results suggest that aerosol microphysical processes of condensation and coagulation produce larger aerosols as the SO2 injection rate is increased. The key to discovering the greatest effects of volcanoes on short-term climate may be to concentrate on regional temperatures where the effects of volcanic aerosol clouds can be amplified by perturbed atmospheric circulation patterns, especially changes in mid-latitudes where meridional circulation patterns may develop. Such climatic perturbations can be detected in proxy evidence such as decreases in tree-ring widths and frost damage rings in climatically sensitive parts of the world, changes in treelines, weather anomalies such as unusually cold summers, severity of sea-ice in polar and subpolar regions, and poor grain yields and crop failures. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Rampino, Michael R. |
author_facet |
Rampino, Michael R. |
author_sort |
Rampino, Michael R. |
title |
Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
title_short |
Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
title_full |
Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
title_fullStr |
Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
title_sort |
historical evidence for a connection between volcanic eruptions and climate change |
publishDate |
1991 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910012329 |
op_coverage |
Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.233,-20.233,64.067,64.067) |
geographic |
Bali |
geographic_facet |
Bali |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
CASI |
op_relation |
Document ID: 19910012329 Accession ID: 91N21642 http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910012329 |
op_rights |
No Copyright |
_version_ |
1766195546653982720 |