Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR, mission is an Earth-mapping radar observatory to be launched from Sriharikota (India) in 2022. This mission is a collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This sp...
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ftnasajpl:oai:trs.jpl.nasa.gov:2014/52278 2023-05-15T18:19:02+02:00 Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) Sharma, Priyanka Doubleday, Josh R. Mohr, Dave Hammer, Brian C. 2021-10-26T16:12:56Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2014/52278 en_US eng Pasadena, CA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2020 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 7-14, 2020 CL#20-0028 http://hdl.handle.net/2014/52278 Preprint 2021 ftnasajpl 2021-12-23T13:17:44Z The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR, mission is an Earth-mapping radar observatory to be launched from Sriharikota (India) in 2022. This mission is a collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This spacecraft will carry two instruments that will operate at radar wavelengths (L and Sband) and will provide data for understanding changes in the Earth’s land surface. The scientific data from this mission will revolutionize our understanding of the causes and consequences of land surface changes on Earth, ranging from Solid Earth Deformation in the form of natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides, to ecosystem disturbances, to changes in the cryosphere (measurements of polar ice caps, ice sheets and sea ice). A nominal Reference Observation Plan, that repeats roughly every 12-24 days, developed prior to launch by the NISAR Mission Planning team, in consultation with the Science Team, will form the basis of science data collection by the payload instruments onboard the NISAR observatory after launch. Scheduling of science observations for the mission requires accounting for limited spacecraft resources like onboard data storage, downlink capacity, energy/power, thermal limits and instrument duty cycles. In addition to nominal science data collection, the project has a Level 1 requirement to respond to requests for urgent data acquisition over disaster sites (natural or anthropogenic) by scheduling new acquisitions within 24 hrs of notification and delivering science data within 5 hours of data acquisition. This capability is to be exercised on a ‘best-efforts basis’. While the definition of what constitutes an ‘urgent request’, and how such requests would be submitted to the project, is within the domain of the Science Team, the Mission System team is responsible for developing the baseline operations concept and implementation approach for responding to such requests. Given the ‘best-efforts’ nature of this requirement, a few highlevel guidelines have been developed to help guide the formulation of the operations concept, and are presented in this paper. Requests for urgent response data will be accommodated following the guiding principle of minimal to no impact on nominal science and planned engineering activities. No change in satellite orbit or attitude will be made for urgent response. Restricting response approaches to only changing the downlink and/or ground processing priority for existing observations, and adding new observations only in areas where NISAR will not be nominally imaging, allows for minimal impact on the Reference science Observation Plan. No instrument mode changes will be allowed for urgent response (except for high-priority requests), and no new observations that impact either planned science or engineering activities will be scheduled. Additionally, data requests must fit within the available project resource margins (both spacecraft and ground resources are to be evaluated). Both JPL and ISRO will be involved at various steps of the implementation, irrespective of whether the urgent request is for L-SAR (NASA instrument) or S-SAR (ISRO instrument) or a joint dataset. NASA/JPL Report Sea ice JPL Technical Report Server Indian |
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The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR, mission is an Earth-mapping radar observatory to be launched from Sriharikota (India) in 2022. This mission is a collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This spacecraft will carry two instruments that will operate at radar wavelengths (L and Sband) and will provide data for understanding changes in the Earth’s land surface. The scientific data from this mission will revolutionize our understanding of the causes and consequences of land surface changes on Earth, ranging from Solid Earth Deformation in the form of natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides, to ecosystem disturbances, to changes in the cryosphere (measurements of polar ice caps, ice sheets and sea ice). A nominal Reference Observation Plan, that repeats roughly every 12-24 days, developed prior to launch by the NISAR Mission Planning team, in consultation with the Science Team, will form the basis of science data collection by the payload instruments onboard the NISAR observatory after launch. Scheduling of science observations for the mission requires accounting for limited spacecraft resources like onboard data storage, downlink capacity, energy/power, thermal limits and instrument duty cycles. In addition to nominal science data collection, the project has a Level 1 requirement to respond to requests for urgent data acquisition over disaster sites (natural or anthropogenic) by scheduling new acquisitions within 24 hrs of notification and delivering science data within 5 hours of data acquisition. This capability is to be exercised on a ‘best-efforts basis’. While the definition of what constitutes an ‘urgent request’, and how such requests would be submitted to the project, is within the domain of the Science Team, the Mission System team is responsible for developing the baseline operations concept and implementation approach for responding to such requests. Given the ‘best-efforts’ nature of this requirement, a few highlevel guidelines have been developed to help guide the formulation of the operations concept, and are presented in this paper. Requests for urgent response data will be accommodated following the guiding principle of minimal to no impact on nominal science and planned engineering activities. No change in satellite orbit or attitude will be made for urgent response. Restricting response approaches to only changing the downlink and/or ground processing priority for existing observations, and adding new observations only in areas where NISAR will not be nominally imaging, allows for minimal impact on the Reference science Observation Plan. No instrument mode changes will be allowed for urgent response (except for high-priority requests), and no new observations that impact either planned science or engineering activities will be scheduled. Additionally, data requests must fit within the available project resource margins (both spacecraft and ground resources are to be evaluated). Both JPL and ISRO will be involved at various steps of the implementation, irrespective of whether the urgent request is for L-SAR (NASA instrument) or S-SAR (ISRO instrument) or a joint dataset. NASA/JPL |
format |
Report |
author |
Sharma, Priyanka Doubleday, Josh R. Mohr, Dave Hammer, Brian C. |
spellingShingle |
Sharma, Priyanka Doubleday, Josh R. Mohr, Dave Hammer, Brian C. Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
author_facet |
Sharma, Priyanka Doubleday, Josh R. Mohr, Dave Hammer, Brian C. |
author_sort |
Sharma, Priyanka |
title |
Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
title_short |
Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
title_full |
Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
title_fullStr |
Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Operations Concept for Responding to Urgent Requests for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) |
title_sort |
operations concept for responding to urgent requests for nasa-isro synthetic aperture radar (nisar) |
publisher |
Pasadena, CA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2020 |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/52278 |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 7-14, 2020 CL#20-0028 http://hdl.handle.net/2014/52278 |
_version_ |
1766195853233487872 |