Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM
Observational surveys have shown significant oceanic bottom water warming, but they are too spatially and temporally sporadic to quantify the deep ocean contribution to the present-day sea level rise (SLR). In this study, altimetry sea surface height (SSH), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (G...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2014/42213 |
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ftnasajpl:oai:trs.jpl.nasa.gov:2014/42213 2023-05-15T13:31:50+02:00 Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM Song, Y. Tony Colberg, Frank 2012-08-08T16:29:35Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2014/42213 en_US eng the American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, C02020, doi:10.1029/2010JC006601, 2011 11-0098 http://hdl.handle.net/2014/42213 deep ocean warming sea level satellite observation in situ measurement ocean modeling Meteorology and Climatology Oceanography Article 2012 ftnasajpl https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006601 2021-12-23T13:18:34Z Observational surveys have shown significant oceanic bottom water warming, but they are too spatially and temporally sporadic to quantify the deep ocean contribution to the present-day sea level rise (SLR). In this study, altimetry sea surface height (SSH), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ocean mass, and in situ upper ocean (0–700 m) steric height have been assessed for their seasonal variability and trend maps. It is shown that neither the global mean nor the regional trends of altimetry SLR can be explained by the upper ocean steric height plus the GRACE ocean mass. A non-Boussinesq ocean general circulation model (OGCM), allowing the sea level to rise as a direct response to the heat added into the ocean, is then used to diagnose the deep ocean steric height. Constrained by sea surface temperature data and the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiation measurements, the model reproduces the observed upper ocean heat content well. Combining the modeled deep ocean steric height with observational upper ocean data gives the full depth steric height. Adding a GRACE-estimated mass trend, the data-model combination explains not only the altimetry global mean SLR but also its regional trends fairly well. The deep ocean warming is mostly prevalent in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, suggesting a strong relation to the oceanic circulation and dynamics. Its comparison with available bottom water measurements shows reasonably good agreement, indicating that deep ocean warming below 700 m might have contributed 1.1 mm/yr to the global mean SLR or one-third of the altimeter-observed rate of 3.11 ± 0.6 mm/yr over 1993–2008. NASA/JPL Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic JPL Technical Report Server Antarctic Indian The Antarctic Journal of Geophysical Research 116 C2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
JPL Technical Report Server |
op_collection_id |
ftnasajpl |
language |
English |
topic |
deep ocean warming sea level satellite observation in situ measurement ocean modeling Meteorology and Climatology Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
deep ocean warming sea level satellite observation in situ measurement ocean modeling Meteorology and Climatology Oceanography Song, Y. Tony Colberg, Frank Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
topic_facet |
deep ocean warming sea level satellite observation in situ measurement ocean modeling Meteorology and Climatology Oceanography |
description |
Observational surveys have shown significant oceanic bottom water warming, but they are too spatially and temporally sporadic to quantify the deep ocean contribution to the present-day sea level rise (SLR). In this study, altimetry sea surface height (SSH), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ocean mass, and in situ upper ocean (0–700 m) steric height have been assessed for their seasonal variability and trend maps. It is shown that neither the global mean nor the regional trends of altimetry SLR can be explained by the upper ocean steric height plus the GRACE ocean mass. A non-Boussinesq ocean general circulation model (OGCM), allowing the sea level to rise as a direct response to the heat added into the ocean, is then used to diagnose the deep ocean steric height. Constrained by sea surface temperature data and the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiation measurements, the model reproduces the observed upper ocean heat content well. Combining the modeled deep ocean steric height with observational upper ocean data gives the full depth steric height. Adding a GRACE-estimated mass trend, the data-model combination explains not only the altimetry global mean SLR but also its regional trends fairly well. The deep ocean warming is mostly prevalent in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, suggesting a strong relation to the oceanic circulation and dynamics. Its comparison with available bottom water measurements shows reasonably good agreement, indicating that deep ocean warming below 700 m might have contributed 1.1 mm/yr to the global mean SLR or one-third of the altimeter-observed rate of 3.11 ± 0.6 mm/yr over 1993–2008. NASA/JPL |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Song, Y. Tony Colberg, Frank |
author_facet |
Song, Y. Tony Colberg, Frank |
author_sort |
Song, Y. Tony |
title |
Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
title_short |
Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
title_full |
Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
title_fullStr |
Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, GRACE, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-Boussinesq OGCM |
title_sort |
deep ocean warming assessed from altimeters, grace, 3 in-situ measurements, and a non-boussinesq ogcm |
publisher |
the American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/42213 |
geographic |
Antarctic Indian The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Indian The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, C02020, doi:10.1029/2010JC006601, 2011 11-0098 http://hdl.handle.net/2014/42213 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006601 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
container_volume |
116 |
container_issue |
C2 |
_version_ |
1766021250348482560 |