Efekti trenažnog ciklusa na morfo-funkcionalne I motoričke sposobnosti košarkaša studenata

• Main Author: Peulić, Jovica
• Other Authors: Obradović, Jelena, Stojanović, Marko, Vasić, Goran, Ugarković, Dušan
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: srp
• Published: Универзитет у Новом Саду, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања 2019
• Subjects: košarka; eksperimentalni program; morfo-funkcionalne sposobnosti; motoričke sposobnosti; specifično motoričke sposobnosti; basketball; experimental program; morpho-functional abilities; motor skills; specific motor skills; Yakutsk
• Online Access: https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/17928; https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/DownloadFileServlet/Disertacija156024563786855.pdf?controlNumber=(BISIS)110754&fileName=156024563786855.pdf&id=12967&source=NaRDuS&language=sr; https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110754&source=NaRDuS&language=sr; https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/DownloadFileServlet/IzvestajKomisije156024588022456.PDF?controlNumber=(BISIS)110754&fileName=156024588022456.PDF&id=12968&source=NaRDuS&language=sr; https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/68596/IzvestajKomisije.pdf; https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/68595/Disertacija.pdf; https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17928

Uvod: Košarka je naizmeničan, dominantno anaerobni timski sport koji igraju sportisti na različitim nivoima. Iako je primarno američki sport, košarka je ubrzo postala i međunarodni, a danas gotovo da nema zemlje u kojoj se ne igra. Razlog za podizanje svesti o košarkaškoj igri je taj što je to društvena igra čijim upražnjavanjem se može zadovoljiti niz socioloških, fizioloških, psiholoških i mnogih drugih aspekata. U trenažnom procesu, samo pravilnim izborom trenažnih programa, raznovrsnosti trenažnih sadržaja, izborom trenažnih metoda i sredstava rada može se očekivati razvoj svih kretnih, funkcionalnih i drugih sposobnosti košarkaša. Prethodno navedeno utiče na izbor vežbi koje će biti primenjene na sportiste odnosno košarkaše, a koje su osnovno sredstvo u trenažnoj tehnologiji za prevođenje sportiste iz nižeg u viši nivo sportske forme. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je da se kroz odabranu bateriju testova ustanovi efekat zadatog tretmana na transformaciju morfo-funkcionalnih, motoričkih i specifično motoričkih sposobnosti studenata košarkaša sprovedenog u pripremnom delu sezone (predtakmičarski ili bazični deo). Metodologija: Uzorak ispitanika činio je ukupno 95 studenata muškog pola, Severoistočnog federalnog univerziteta u Jakutsku (Rusija) koji broji oko 20000 studenata pretežno iz azijatskog dela sveta. Uzrast ispitanika je od 18-23 godine gde je prosečna starost 20.841.26 godina. Naveden uzorak je metodom slučajnog uzorka podeljen u dve grupe: prva grupa je bila eksperimentalna (N=45), dok je druga grupa bila kontrolna (N=50). Eksperimentalna grupa je realizovala eksperimentalni plan i program. Kontrolna grupa je realizovala „Opšti program treninga košarkaških performansi“ koji se primenjuje u KK“Borac“ iz Čačka. Za svaku dobijenu varijablu izračunati su centralni i disperzioni parametri. Za procenu normalnosti distribucije svih varijabli primenjen je Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. U cilju utvrđivanja razlika u morfo-funkcionalnim i motoričkimi specifično motoričkim sposobnostima studenata košarkaša u inicijalnom i finalnom merenju između kontrolne i eksperimentalne grupe primenjena je multivarijatna analiza varijanse (MANOVA) i univarijatna analiza varijanse (ANOVA). Struktura razlika između grupa i hijerarhija antropometrijskih i motoričkih varijabli na inicijalnom i na finalnom merenju utvrđena je primenom Diskriminativne analize. Stvarni efekti eksperimentalnog i kontrolnog tretmana, na finalnom merenju utvrđeni su uz pomoć univarijatne analize kovarijanse (ANCOVA) i multivarijatne analize kovarijanse (MANCOVA). Rezultati: Rezultati multivarijatne analize varijanse ukazuju da u sistemu primenjenih varijabli postoje statistički značajne razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne grupe na finalnom merenju u varijablama za procenu morfoloških karakteristika (p = .000), funkcionalnih sposobnosti (p = .000), motoričkih (p = .000) i specifično motoričkih sposobnosti (p = .000). Rezultati diskriminativne analize (p = .000) ukazuju da postoji jasno definisana granica između subuzoraka kada su u pitanju varijable za procenu morfoloških karakteristika (p = .000), funkcionalnih sposobnosti (p = .000), motoričkih (p = .000) i specifično motoričkih sposobnosti na finalnom merenju. Primenom ANOVA analize utvrđeno je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između subuzoraka studenata košarkaša u varijablama za procenu morfoloških karakteristika i u varijablama za procenu funkcionalnih sposobnosti ispitanika. ANOVA je takođe potvrdila statistički značajne razlike u varijablama za procenu motoričkih i specifično motoričkih sposobnosti. Statistički značajne razlike u gore navedenim varijablama je uočena u korist eksperimentalne grupe. Putem MANCOVA analize utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe studenata košarkaša u sistemu primenjenih varijabli za procenu morfoloških karakteristika ispitanika (p=.000), za procenu funkcionalnih sposobnosti (p=.000), za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti (p=.000) i za procenu specifično motoričkih sposobnosti ispitanika (p=.000) na finalnom merenju, na kraju primenjenog eksperimentalnog tretmana u korist eksperimentalne grupe. Rezultati diskriminativne analize (p = .000) ukazuju da postoji jasno definisana granica između subuzoraka kada su u pitanju varijable za procenu morfoloških karakteristika (p = .000), funkcionalnih sposobnosti (p = .000), motoričkih (p = .000) i specifično motoričkih sposobnosti na na kraju primenjenog eksperimentalnog tretmana. Zaključak: Kako je uočena statistički značajna razlika u celom ispitivanom prostoru, može se zaključiti da postoji statistički značajan efekat eksperimentalnog tretmana na određene morfološke karakteristike, funkcionalne, motoričke i specifično motoričke sposobnosti ispitanika. Efekti eksperimentalnog tretmana na košarkaše su bili bolji od efekata konvencionalnog košarkašog treninga. Introduction: Basketball is an alternate, dominant anaerobic team sport that plays athletes at different levels. Although it is the US primarily sport, basketball soon became international, and today there is almost no country in which it is not played. The reason for raising awareness about the basketball game is that it is a social game whose practice can satisfy a range of sociological, physiological, psychological and many other aspects. In the training process, only the correct selection of training programs, variety of training contents, choice of training methods and training tools can be expected to develop all the locomotional, functional and other abilities of basketball players. The aforementioned influences the selection of exercises that will be applied to athletes or basketball players, which are the basic instrumentality in the training technique for translating an athlete from a lower to a higher level of sports form. Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the effect of the given treatment on the transformation of the morpho-functional, motor and specific motor skills of basketball players conducted during the preparatory part of the season (pre-competitive or basic part) through the selected battery of tests. Methodology: The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 95 male students, Northeastern Federal University in Yakutsk (Russia), which has about 20000 students predominantly from the Asian region. The age of the respondents is from 18-23 years, where the average age is 20.841.26 years. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: the first group was experimental (N = 45), while the second group was control group (N = 50). The experimental group realized the experimental plan and program. The control group realized the "General Basketball Performance Training Program", which is being applied in BC "Borac" from Cacak. For each obtained variable, the central and dispersion parameters. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to estimate the normal distribution of all variables. In order to determine the differences in the morpho-functional, motor and specific motor skills of basketball students in the initial and final measurement between the control and the experimental group, a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) and a univariate variance analysis (ANOVA) were applied. The structure of differences between groups and the hierarchies of anthropometric and motor variables on initial and final measurement was determined using the Discrimination Analysis. The actual effects of experimental and control treatment were determined at the final measurement using a univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Results: The results of the multivariate analysis of variance indicate that in the system of applied variables there are statistically significant differences between the control and the experimental group at the final measurement in variables for estimating morphological characteristics (p = .000), functional abilities (p = .000) .000), motor skills (p = .000) and specific motor skills (p = .000). The results of the discriminant analysis (p = .000) indicate that there is a clearly defined boundary between subunits when it comes to variables for assessing morphological characteristics (p = .000), functional abilities (p = .000), motor (p = .000) and specific motor skills in final measurement. Using ANOVA analysis it was determined that there are statistically significant differences between subsamples of students in variables for evaluation of morphological characteristics and variables for assessing the functional abilities. ANOVA also confirmed statistically significant differences in variables for assessing motor abilities and specific motor skills. In the above mentioned variables statistically significant differences were observed in favor of the experimental group. The MANCOVA analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group of basketball students in the system of applied variables for assessing the morphological characteristics of the respondents (p = .000), for assessment functional abilities (p = .000), for the assessment of motor abilities (p =. 000) and for the assessment of the specific motor abilities of the subjects (p = .000) at the final measurement, at the end of the applied experimental treatment, in favor of the experimental group. The results of the discriminant analysis (p = .000) indicate that there is a clearly defined boundary between subunits when it comes to variables for assessment morphological characteristics (p = .000), functional abilities (p = .000), motor (p = .000) and specific motor abilities, at the end of the applied experimental treatment. Conclusion: As a statistically significant difference was observed in the entire study area, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of experimental treatment on certain morphological characteristics, functional, motor and specific motor abilities of the respondents. The effects of experimental treatment on basketball players were better than the effects of conventional basketball training.