Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems
Tardigrades are small aquatic metazoans capable of withstanding a wide variety of extreme abiotic conditions; in particular, desiccation and ionizing radiation which can induce extensive DNA damage and threaten genome integrity. In the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, a protein called RvDSup (f...
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2023
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ftmuseumnhn:oai:HAL:tel-04476478v1 2024-05-19T07:27:28+00:00 Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems Résistance des tardigrades aux stress génotoxiques : Importance de la protection du génome et des systèmes de réparation de l’ADN Anoud, Marwan Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (STRING) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris-Saclay Carine Giovannangeli Jean-Paul Concordet Anne De Cian 2023-02-24 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/file/104448_ANOUD_2023_archivage.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD NNT: 2023UPASL013 tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/file/104448_ANOUD_2023_archivage.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 Biologie moléculaire. Université Paris-Saclay, 2023. Français. ⟨NNT : 2023UPASL013⟩ Tardigrade Radiotolerance DNA repair Proteomics Transcriptomics Dsup Radiotolérance Réparation de l'ADN Proméomique Transcriptomique [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Molecular biology [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2023 ftmuseumnhn 2024-05-01T23:50:27Z Tardigrades are small aquatic metazoans capable of withstanding a wide variety of extreme abiotic conditions; in particular, desiccation and ionizing radiation which can induce extensive DNA damage and threaten genome integrity. In the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, a protein called RvDSup (for R. varieornatus DNA Damage Suppressor), is thought to protect the genome from X-rays. In order to better understand the resistance to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, we chose to focus on three tardigrade species: Hypsibius exemplaris, whose genome has been sequenced, Acutuncus antarcticus and Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, which are still little studied and whose genomes are being sequenced. DNA single-strand breaks induced by doses of 100 or 1000 Gy of γ- radiation were analyzed in H exemplaris by migration of genomic DNA on denaturing agarose gel and double-strand breaks by Western blot with an antibody specific for the phosphorylated form of a histone H2AX of H. exemplaris. These analyses confirmed that DNA damage is dose dependent and is mostly repaired 72 h after irradiation. To identify mechanisms involved in tardigrade resistance, we measured changes in gene expression in response to γ-radiation and bleomycin, a radiomimetic antibiotic, by RNA-seq. These analyses allowed us to identify a set of genes highly overexpressed in response to both treatments in all 3 species analyzed. We completed this transcriptome analysis with a proteomic analysis in H. exemplaris, which confirmed that a large number of genes induced at the mRNA level are also induced at the protein level. These genes include many genes from the classical DNA double-strand break repair pathways (NHEJ, HR, MMEJ) but also genes of unknown function that appear to be unique to tardigrades. These genes are candidate genes for γ-radiation resistance in tardigrades whose function we chose to study. To this end, we performed gain-of- function experiments by heterologous expression in human U2OS cells, which allowed us to identify their ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHM): HAL |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHM): HAL |
op_collection_id |
ftmuseumnhn |
language |
French |
topic |
Tardigrade Radiotolerance DNA repair Proteomics Transcriptomics Dsup Radiotolérance Réparation de l'ADN Proméomique Transcriptomique [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Molecular biology [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] |
spellingShingle |
Tardigrade Radiotolerance DNA repair Proteomics Transcriptomics Dsup Radiotolérance Réparation de l'ADN Proméomique Transcriptomique [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Molecular biology [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] Anoud, Marwan Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
topic_facet |
Tardigrade Radiotolerance DNA repair Proteomics Transcriptomics Dsup Radiotolérance Réparation de l'ADN Proméomique Transcriptomique [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Molecular biology [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] |
description |
Tardigrades are small aquatic metazoans capable of withstanding a wide variety of extreme abiotic conditions; in particular, desiccation and ionizing radiation which can induce extensive DNA damage and threaten genome integrity. In the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, a protein called RvDSup (for R. varieornatus DNA Damage Suppressor), is thought to protect the genome from X-rays. In order to better understand the resistance to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, we chose to focus on three tardigrade species: Hypsibius exemplaris, whose genome has been sequenced, Acutuncus antarcticus and Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, which are still little studied and whose genomes are being sequenced. DNA single-strand breaks induced by doses of 100 or 1000 Gy of γ- radiation were analyzed in H exemplaris by migration of genomic DNA on denaturing agarose gel and double-strand breaks by Western blot with an antibody specific for the phosphorylated form of a histone H2AX of H. exemplaris. These analyses confirmed that DNA damage is dose dependent and is mostly repaired 72 h after irradiation. To identify mechanisms involved in tardigrade resistance, we measured changes in gene expression in response to γ-radiation and bleomycin, a radiomimetic antibiotic, by RNA-seq. These analyses allowed us to identify a set of genes highly overexpressed in response to both treatments in all 3 species analyzed. We completed this transcriptome analysis with a proteomic analysis in H. exemplaris, which confirmed that a large number of genes induced at the mRNA level are also induced at the protein level. These genes include many genes from the classical DNA double-strand break repair pathways (NHEJ, HR, MMEJ) but also genes of unknown function that appear to be unique to tardigrades. These genes are candidate genes for γ-radiation resistance in tardigrades whose function we chose to study. To this end, we performed gain-of- function experiments by heterologous expression in human U2OS cells, which allowed us to identify their ... |
author2 |
Structure et Instabilité des Génomes (STRING) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris-Saclay Carine Giovannangeli Jean-Paul Concordet Anne De Cian |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Anoud, Marwan |
author_facet |
Anoud, Marwan |
author_sort |
Anoud, Marwan |
title |
Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
title_short |
Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
title_full |
Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
title_fullStr |
Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : Importance of genome protection and DNA repair systems |
title_sort |
resistance of tardigrades to genotoxic stress : importance of genome protection and dna repair systems |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/file/104448_ANOUD_2023_archivage.pdf |
genre |
Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade |
genre_facet |
Acutuncus antarcticus Antarc* antarcticus Tardigrade |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 Biologie moléculaire. Université Paris-Saclay, 2023. Français. ⟨NNT : 2023UPASL013⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2023UPASL013 tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-04476478/file/104448_ANOUD_2023_archivage.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1799476467736772608 |