The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France
International audience The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave (Ardeche, France) contains some of the oldest Paleolithic paintings recorded to date, as well as thousands of bones of the extinct cave bear, and some remains and footprints of other animals. As part of the interdisciplinary research project de...
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ftmuseumnhn:oai:HAL:hal-03789495v1 2024-05-19T07:38:45+00:00 The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France Elalouf, Jean-Marc Palacio, Pauline Bon, Céline Berthonaud, Veronique Maksud, Frédéric Stafford, Thomas W. Hitte, Christophe Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éco-Anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Service Régional de l’Archéologie (Toulouse) Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) CEA Saclay LOC1043ELALO Owls Roost Enterprise LOC1043JAUEL Universite de Rennes 1 2022-08 https://hal.science/hal-03789495 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9238 en eng HAL CCSD Wiley Open Access info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/ece3.9238 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/37265549 hal-03789495 https://hal.science/hal-03789495 doi:10.1002/ece3.9238 PUBMED: 37265549 PUBMEDCENTRAL: PMC10231653 EISSN: 2045-7758 Ecology and Evolution https://hal.science/hal-03789495 Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 12 (8), pp.e9238. ⟨10.1002/ece3.9238⟩ ancient DNA canid cave bear Paleogenomics [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2022 ftmuseumnhn https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9238 2024-04-25T00:43:04Z International audience The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave (Ardeche, France) contains some of the oldest Paleolithic paintings recorded to date, as well as thousands of bones of the extinct cave bear, and some remains and footprints of other animals. As part of the interdisciplinary research project devoted to this reference cave site, we analyzed a coprolite collected within the deep cave. AMS radiocarbon dating of bone fragments from the coprolite yielded an age of 30,450 +/- 550 RC yr. BP (AAR-19656; 36,150-34,000cal BP), similar to ages assigned to Paleolithic artwork and cave bear remains from the same cave sector. Using high-throughput shotgun DNA sequencing, we demonstrated a high abundance of canid DNA and lesser amounts of DNA from the extinct cave bear. We interpret the sample as feces from a canid that had consumed cave bear tissue. The high amount of canid DNA allowed us to reconstruct a complete canid mitochondrial genome sequence (average coverage: 83x) belonging to a deeply divergent Glade of extinct mitochondrial wolf lineages that are most closely related to coeval (-35 ka) Belgian wolves. Analysis of the nuclear genome yielded a similar coverage for the X chromosome (2.4x) and the autosomes (range: 2.3-3.2x), indicating that the Chauvet canid was a female. Comparing the relationship of the nuclear genome of this specimen with that of a variety of canids, we found it more closely related to gray wolves' genomes than to other wild canid or dog genomes, especially wolf genomes from Europe and the Middle East. We conclude that the coprolite is feces from an animal within an extinct wolf lineage. The consumption of cave bear by this wolf likely explains its intrusion into the dark cave sectors and sheds new light on the paleoecology of a major cave site. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHM): HAL Ecology and Evolution 12 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHM): HAL |
op_collection_id |
ftmuseumnhn |
language |
English |
topic |
ancient DNA canid cave bear Paleogenomics [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
spellingShingle |
ancient DNA canid cave bear Paleogenomics [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory Elalouf, Jean-Marc Palacio, Pauline Bon, Céline Berthonaud, Veronique Maksud, Frédéric Stafford, Thomas W. Hitte, Christophe The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
topic_facet |
ancient DNA canid cave bear Paleogenomics [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
description |
International audience The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave (Ardeche, France) contains some of the oldest Paleolithic paintings recorded to date, as well as thousands of bones of the extinct cave bear, and some remains and footprints of other animals. As part of the interdisciplinary research project devoted to this reference cave site, we analyzed a coprolite collected within the deep cave. AMS radiocarbon dating of bone fragments from the coprolite yielded an age of 30,450 +/- 550 RC yr. BP (AAR-19656; 36,150-34,000cal BP), similar to ages assigned to Paleolithic artwork and cave bear remains from the same cave sector. Using high-throughput shotgun DNA sequencing, we demonstrated a high abundance of canid DNA and lesser amounts of DNA from the extinct cave bear. We interpret the sample as feces from a canid that had consumed cave bear tissue. The high amount of canid DNA allowed us to reconstruct a complete canid mitochondrial genome sequence (average coverage: 83x) belonging to a deeply divergent Glade of extinct mitochondrial wolf lineages that are most closely related to coeval (-35 ka) Belgian wolves. Analysis of the nuclear genome yielded a similar coverage for the X chromosome (2.4x) and the autosomes (range: 2.3-3.2x), indicating that the Chauvet canid was a female. Comparing the relationship of the nuclear genome of this specimen with that of a variety of canids, we found it more closely related to gray wolves' genomes than to other wild canid or dog genomes, especially wolf genomes from Europe and the Middle East. We conclude that the coprolite is feces from an animal within an extinct wolf lineage. The consumption of cave bear by this wolf likely explains its intrusion into the dark cave sectors and sheds new light on the paleoecology of a major cave site. |
author2 |
Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éco-Anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Service Régional de l’Archéologie (Toulouse) Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) CEA Saclay LOC1043ELALO Owls Roost Enterprise LOC1043JAUEL Universite de Rennes 1 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elalouf, Jean-Marc Palacio, Pauline Bon, Céline Berthonaud, Veronique Maksud, Frédéric Stafford, Thomas W. Hitte, Christophe |
author_facet |
Elalouf, Jean-Marc Palacio, Pauline Bon, Céline Berthonaud, Veronique Maksud, Frédéric Stafford, Thomas W. Hitte, Christophe |
author_sort |
Elalouf, Jean-Marc |
title |
The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
title_short |
The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
title_full |
The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
title_fullStr |
The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
title_full_unstemmed |
The genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, France |
title_sort |
genome and diet of a 35,000-year-old canis lupus specimen from the paleolithic painted cave, chauvet-pont d'arc, france |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-03789495 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9238 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
EISSN: 2045-7758 Ecology and Evolution https://hal.science/hal-03789495 Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 12 (8), pp.e9238. ⟨10.1002/ece3.9238⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/ece3.9238 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/37265549 hal-03789495 https://hal.science/hal-03789495 doi:10.1002/ece3.9238 PUBMED: 37265549 PUBMEDCENTRAL: PMC10231653 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9238 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
8 |
_version_ |
1799478245009129472 |