The effect of permafrost thaw and geologic substrate on dissolved organic carbon mobilization and transformation in northern streams

• Main Author: Wologo, Ethan Andrew
• Other Authors: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Stephanie A. Ewing, Sarah Shakil, Scott Zolkos, Sadie Textor, Stephanie Ewing, Jane Klassen, Robert G.M. Spencer, David C. Podgorski, Suzanne E. Tank, Michelle A. Baker, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Kimberly P. Wickland, Sydney S.W. Foks, Jay P. Zarnetske, Joseph Lee-Cullin, Futing Liu, Yuanhe Yang, Pirkko Kortelainen, Jaana Kolehmainen, Joshua F. Dean, Jorien E. Vonk, Robert M. Holmes, Gilles Pinay, Michaela M. Powell, Jansen Howe, Rebecca Frei and Benjamin W. Abbott were co-authors of the article, 'No evience of dissolved organic matter priming in permafrost stream networks: a circumpolar assessment' submitted to the journal 'Global biogeochemical cycles' which is contained within this thesis., Stephanie Ewing, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Jim Paces, Rob Striegl, Duane Froese and Joshua Koch were co-authors of the article, 'Groundwater connection and doc transport in the Yukon River Basin: uranium and strontium isotopes in permafrost catchments' submitted to the journal 'Global biogeochemical cycles' which is contained within this thesis.
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture 2019
• Subjects: Permafrost; Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Rivers; Groundwater; Uranium; Geology; Stratigraphic; Yukon; Ice; permafrost; Thermokarst; Yukon river; Alaska
• Online Access: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/16370

Permafrost landscapes exhibit unique hydrology that is linked both chemically and physically to nutrient cycling and geochemical processes. Permafrost thaw is expected to result in a positive feedback to Earth's climate system through carbon release to the atmosphere; this potential demands better understanding of hydrologic pathways in permafrost landscapes in the face of global change. The work that follows is divided into two main bodies of research that explore both carbon dynamics and isotope geochemistry of river waters draining permafrost catchments in the Yukon River Basin (YRB). The first study uses in-vitro incubations of stream water from seven permafrost regions to investigate how biolabile carbon additions (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) 'prime' water-column dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decomposition. No priming effect from biolabile carbon addition was evident through changes in DOC concentrations or compositional transformations, but consumption of added acetate was correlated with ambient nutrient concentrations. Sites with fine-textured, ice-rich substrate and proximal thermokarst features had higher ambient DOC and nutrient concentrations, and consequently the fastest rates of acetate consumption. We conclude that the fate of biolabile DOC released from degrading permafrost will depend largely on inorganic nutrient availability in receiving waterbodies. The second part of this thesis focuses on hydrology of intermediate-sized catchments in the YRB. We evaluate uranium isotope activity ratios ([234U/238U]) as tracers of groundwater-surface water connection in thawing permafrost landscapes. Streams draining loess-mantled areas had [234U/238U] values moderately increased relative to meteoric values. Streams draining low-order catchments with rocky substrate and surface disturbance exhibit dramatically increased [234U/238U] values, consistent with groundwater connection. In addition, we observed higher DOC concentrations both in areas influenced by recent thaw and ...