Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand
This thesis reports for the first time phreatomagmatic deposits and preserved Surtseyan tuff cones from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. This research located the relicts of at least six, closely-spaced, Paleogene Surtseyan cones and associated bioclastic sediments within the Red Bluff Tuff Formati...
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ftmonashunivfig:oai:figshare.com:article/4657447 2023-05-15T16:49:40+02:00 Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand Sorrentino-Mariconda, Leonor 2017-02-15T23:45:10Z https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Eruption_erosion_and_post-volcanic_marine_faunal_colonization_the_Red_Bluff_Tuff_Formation_Chatham_Islands_New_Zealand/4657447 unknown doi:10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Eruption_erosion_and_post-volcanic_marine_faunal_colonization_the_Red_Bluff_Tuff_Formation_Chatham_Islands_New_Zealand/4657447 In Copyright 1959.1/871191 Post-volcanic marine faunal coloization Eruption Restricted access thesis(masters) Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT) ethesis-20130613-112213 monash:119324 New Zealand Erosion Chatham Islands 2013 Text Thesis 2017 ftmonashunivfig https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 2022-06-06T15:49:10Z This thesis reports for the first time phreatomagmatic deposits and preserved Surtseyan tuff cones from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. This research located the relicts of at least six, closely-spaced, Paleogene Surtseyan cones and associated bioclastic sediments within the Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT). The complete stratigraphic section was studied in detail by means of fieldwork (sampling, logging, sketching and recording main structural and textural features) as well as comprehensive laboratory work (marine faunal taxonomy, grain-size, componentry and vesicularity analyses). It was found that RBT consists of two parts: 1) the lower part represents volcanic aggradational processes that constructed tuff cones in a short period of time (years) and is composed of a bedded interval of explosively fragmented, vesicular glassy basaltic pyroclasts (ash and lapilli sizes) as well as feeder-dykes, pillow-lavas and pillow-sills and 2) the upper part represents the rapid denudation of these cones by shallow marine currents or gravity-flows reflecting the instability of the tephra-pile forming the cones, and a much later complete marine faunal colonization stage (e.g. corals, brachiopods, molluscs). Erosion could have occurred almost immediately after (or even during) the emplacement of the volcanic pile, similar to what has occurred at Surtla vent, a satellite submerged cone of the basaltic island volcano Surtsey, Iceland; the Waiareka-Deborah Volcanics Bridge Point, Aorere Point, and Lookout Bluff Surtseyan cones (Otago, New Zealand); and Marion and Prince Edward islands (Southwest Indian Ocean). By contrast, the entire faunal colonization and stabilization of a diverse marine community could have taken hundreds, or perhaps even thousands of years to reach their acme following the volcanic pulses. The structural, textural and compositional characteristics of RBT support a phreatomagmatic mode of fragmentation similar to that at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland. Although RBT represents an extremely interesting, rare, and ... Thesis Iceland Prince Edward Islands Surtsey Monash University: Figshare Indian Lookout ENVELOPE(77.955,77.955,-68.605,-68.605) New Zealand Surtsey ENVELOPE(-20.608,-20.608,63.301,63.301) The Cones ENVELOPE(78.344,78.344,-68.635,-68.635) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Monash University: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftmonashunivfig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
1959.1/871191 Post-volcanic marine faunal coloization Eruption Restricted access thesis(masters) Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT) ethesis-20130613-112213 monash:119324 New Zealand Erosion Chatham Islands 2013 |
spellingShingle |
1959.1/871191 Post-volcanic marine faunal coloization Eruption Restricted access thesis(masters) Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT) ethesis-20130613-112213 monash:119324 New Zealand Erosion Chatham Islands 2013 Sorrentino-Mariconda, Leonor Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
topic_facet |
1959.1/871191 Post-volcanic marine faunal coloization Eruption Restricted access thesis(masters) Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT) ethesis-20130613-112213 monash:119324 New Zealand Erosion Chatham Islands 2013 |
description |
This thesis reports for the first time phreatomagmatic deposits and preserved Surtseyan tuff cones from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. This research located the relicts of at least six, closely-spaced, Paleogene Surtseyan cones and associated bioclastic sediments within the Red Bluff Tuff Formation (RBT). The complete stratigraphic section was studied in detail by means of fieldwork (sampling, logging, sketching and recording main structural and textural features) as well as comprehensive laboratory work (marine faunal taxonomy, grain-size, componentry and vesicularity analyses). It was found that RBT consists of two parts: 1) the lower part represents volcanic aggradational processes that constructed tuff cones in a short period of time (years) and is composed of a bedded interval of explosively fragmented, vesicular glassy basaltic pyroclasts (ash and lapilli sizes) as well as feeder-dykes, pillow-lavas and pillow-sills and 2) the upper part represents the rapid denudation of these cones by shallow marine currents or gravity-flows reflecting the instability of the tephra-pile forming the cones, and a much later complete marine faunal colonization stage (e.g. corals, brachiopods, molluscs). Erosion could have occurred almost immediately after (or even during) the emplacement of the volcanic pile, similar to what has occurred at Surtla vent, a satellite submerged cone of the basaltic island volcano Surtsey, Iceland; the Waiareka-Deborah Volcanics Bridge Point, Aorere Point, and Lookout Bluff Surtseyan cones (Otago, New Zealand); and Marion and Prince Edward islands (Southwest Indian Ocean). By contrast, the entire faunal colonization and stabilization of a diverse marine community could have taken hundreds, or perhaps even thousands of years to reach their acme following the volcanic pulses. The structural, textural and compositional characteristics of RBT support a phreatomagmatic mode of fragmentation similar to that at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland. Although RBT represents an extremely interesting, rare, and ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Sorrentino-Mariconda, Leonor |
author_facet |
Sorrentino-Mariconda, Leonor |
author_sort |
Sorrentino-Mariconda, Leonor |
title |
Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
title_short |
Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
title_full |
Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
title_fullStr |
Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the Red Bluff Tuff Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand |
title_sort |
eruption, erosion and post-volcanic marine faunal colonization, the red bluff tuff formation, chatham islands, new zealand |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Eruption_erosion_and_post-volcanic_marine_faunal_colonization_the_Red_Bluff_Tuff_Formation_Chatham_Islands_New_Zealand/4657447 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(77.955,77.955,-68.605,-68.605) ENVELOPE(-20.608,-20.608,63.301,63.301) ENVELOPE(78.344,78.344,-68.635,-68.635) |
geographic |
Indian Lookout New Zealand Surtsey The Cones |
geographic_facet |
Indian Lookout New Zealand Surtsey The Cones |
genre |
Iceland Prince Edward Islands Surtsey |
genre_facet |
Iceland Prince Edward Islands Surtsey |
op_relation |
doi:10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Eruption_erosion_and_post-volcanic_marine_faunal_colonization_the_Red_Bluff_Tuff_Formation_Chatham_Islands_New_Zealand/4657447 |
op_rights |
In Copyright |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58a4e80816cb4 |
_version_ |
1766039852583747584 |