Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces
A major problem within forestry is winter browsing on young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) by European moose (Alces alces). Moose are selective foragers and make foraging decisions on many scales, for example, they avoid trees with high levels of plant defensive compounds, which reduce digestibility....
Published in: | Forest Ecology and Management |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap
2020
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Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39630 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 |
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ftmittuniv:oai:DiVA.org:miun-39630 2023-05-15T13:13:12+02:00 Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces Lindmark, Matilda Sunnerheim, Kerstin Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar 2020 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39630 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 eng eng Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik SLU Forest Ecology and Management, 0378-1127, 2020, 474, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39630 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 ISI:000578989200018 Scopus 2-s2.0-85087276622 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Forestry Moose browsing Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Plant Defense Repellent Forest Science Skogsvetenskap Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2020 ftmittuniv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 2023-04-07T06:12:40Z A major problem within forestry is winter browsing on young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) by European moose (Alces alces). Moose are selective foragers and make foraging decisions on many scales, for example, they avoid trees with high levels of plant defensive compounds, which reduce digestibility. Bark extract from Norway spruce (Picea abies) is known to have high levels of such defensive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Norway spruce bark extract as a repellent to European moose. Spruce bark was extracted in a conventional way with ethanol as the solvent, creating a solution that was applied to the apical leader of young pine trees in planted forests. In two field trials in northern Sweden (winter 2017–2018 and winter 2018–2019), the apical leader of young pine trees (height 1–2.5 m) were sprayed with bark extract from Norway spruce. A total of 5247 pine trees were included in the study. The field trials showed that spruce bark extract lowered the number of browsed apical leader of pine trees, and directed moose to browse less valuable lateral shoots, and neighboring trees. During the first field trial, apical leaders were treated every second meter along transects with a concentration of the spruce bark extract of 2.8% by dry weight. The level of browsed apical leaders changed from 15.1% to 6.8% of all apical leaders. During the second field trial, apical leaders were treated in circular plots, in which all main stems inside the circle were treated with a concentration of the spruce bark extract of 5.0% by dry weight. The level of browsed apical leaders changed from 19.5% to 4.7% of all apical leaders. Hence, results show that spruce bark extract (a non-toxic forest byproduct) can function as an efficient repellent. The bark extract can control browsing to a level that is considered acceptable – generally a maximum of 5% of all apical leaders browsed every year. This would result in approximately 7 out of 10 trees, in treated small scale areas, having unbrowsed apical leaders ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Northern Sweden Mid Sweden University: Publications (DiVA) Norway Forest Ecology and Management 474 118347 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Mid Sweden University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftmittuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Forestry Moose browsing Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Plant Defense Repellent Forest Science Skogsvetenskap |
spellingShingle |
Forestry Moose browsing Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Plant Defense Repellent Forest Science Skogsvetenskap Lindmark, Matilda Sunnerheim, Kerstin Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
topic_facet |
Forestry Moose browsing Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Plant Defense Repellent Forest Science Skogsvetenskap |
description |
A major problem within forestry is winter browsing on young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) by European moose (Alces alces). Moose are selective foragers and make foraging decisions on many scales, for example, they avoid trees with high levels of plant defensive compounds, which reduce digestibility. Bark extract from Norway spruce (Picea abies) is known to have high levels of such defensive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Norway spruce bark extract as a repellent to European moose. Spruce bark was extracted in a conventional way with ethanol as the solvent, creating a solution that was applied to the apical leader of young pine trees in planted forests. In two field trials in northern Sweden (winter 2017–2018 and winter 2018–2019), the apical leader of young pine trees (height 1–2.5 m) were sprayed with bark extract from Norway spruce. A total of 5247 pine trees were included in the study. The field trials showed that spruce bark extract lowered the number of browsed apical leader of pine trees, and directed moose to browse less valuable lateral shoots, and neighboring trees. During the first field trial, apical leaders were treated every second meter along transects with a concentration of the spruce bark extract of 2.8% by dry weight. The level of browsed apical leaders changed from 15.1% to 6.8% of all apical leaders. During the second field trial, apical leaders were treated in circular plots, in which all main stems inside the circle were treated with a concentration of the spruce bark extract of 5.0% by dry weight. The level of browsed apical leaders changed from 19.5% to 4.7% of all apical leaders. Hence, results show that spruce bark extract (a non-toxic forest byproduct) can function as an efficient repellent. The bark extract can control browsing to a level that is considered acceptable – generally a maximum of 5% of all apical leaders browsed every year. This would result in approximately 7 out of 10 trees, in treated small scale areas, having unbrowsed apical leaders ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lindmark, Matilda Sunnerheim, Kerstin Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar |
author_facet |
Lindmark, Matilda Sunnerheim, Kerstin Jonsson, Bengt-Gunnar |
author_sort |
Lindmark, Matilda |
title |
Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
title_short |
Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
title_full |
Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
title_fullStr |
Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural browsing repellent to protect Scots pine Pinus sylvestris from European moose Alces alces |
title_sort |
natural browsing repellent to protect scots pine pinus sylvestris from european moose alces alces |
publisher |
Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39630 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Alces alces Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
Forest Ecology and Management, 0378-1127, 2020, 474, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39630 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 ISI:000578989200018 Scopus 2-s2.0-85087276622 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118347 |
container_title |
Forest Ecology and Management |
container_volume |
474 |
container_start_page |
118347 |
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1766256639421186048 |