Interactions between calanoid copepod hosts and their associated microbiota

• Main Author: Almada, Amalia Aruda
• Other Authors: Ann M. Tarrant., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution., Joint Program in Biological Oceanography., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2015
• Subjects: Joint Program in Biological Oceanography; Biology; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Calanus finmarchicus; Phytopathogenic microorganisms; Copepods
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97374

Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references. Zooplankton, such as copepods, are highly abundant environmental reservoirs of many bacterial pathogens. Although copepods are known to support diverse and productive bacterial communities, little is understood about whether copepods are affected by bacterial attachment and whether they can regulate these associations through mechanisms such as the innate immune response. This thesis investigates the potential role that copepod physiology may play in regulating Vibrio association and the community structure of its microbiome. To this end, the intrinsic ability of oceanic copepod hosts to transcriptionally respond to mild stressors was first investigated. Specifically, the transcriptional regulation of several heat shock proteins (Hsps), a highly conserved superfamily of molecular chaperones, in the copepod Calanusfinmarchicus was examined and demonstrated that Hsps are a conserved element of the copepod's transcriptional response to stressful conditions and diapause regulation. To then investigate whether copepod hosts respond to and regulate their microbiota, the transcriptomic response of an estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis to two distinct Vibric species, a free-living strain (V. ordalii 12B09) and a zooplankton specialist (V. sp. F10 9ZB36), was examined with RNA-Seq. Our findings provide evidence that the copepod E. affinis does distinctly recognize and respond to colonizing vibrios via transcriptional regulation of innate immune response elements and transcripts involved in maintaining cuticle integrity. Our work also suggests that association with E. affinis can significantly impact the physiology of Vibrio colonists. Finally, the inter-individual variability of the C.finmarchicus microbiome was examined to identify how specifically and predictably ...