Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2008. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Specia...
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/45312 2023-06-11T04:14:35+02:00 Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts Cho, Walter W Timothy M. Shank. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Biological Oceanography. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology 2008 177 p. application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45312 eng eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45312 313776614 M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Joint Program in Biological Oceanography Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Deep-sea ecology Seamount animals Thesis 2008 ftmit 2023-05-29T08:40:34Z Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2008. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Includes bibliographical references. The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, "stepping-stones" for dispersal, and/or refugia for deep-sea populations. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of seamounts in structuring marine biodiversity and biogeography. This study focused on North Atlantic seamounts, specifically the New England seamount chain, the Corner Rise seamounts, and Muir seamount, areas damaged and threatened by deep-sea fisheries and currently a focus of conservation efforts. Videographic analyses of biological community structure revealed distinct faunal assemblages, dominated by the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata and structured by geographic region, depth regions (with apparent taxonomic breaks at 1300 m, 2300 m, and 2600 m), and substrate type (including natural/anthropogenic and abiotic substrates and biotic substrates). Amongst these assemblages, seven highly specific coral host- invertebrate associate relationships were identified. To investigate whether or not these broad community patterns were discernible at a genetic level, the 16S mtDNA gene was utilized as a genetic "barcode" within the Class Ophiuroidea, through which 22 putative species were identified, including four target species (Asteroschema clavigera, Ophiocreas oedipus, Ophioplinthaca abyssalis, and Ophioplinthaca chelys) for subsequent population genetic studies. Analyses of mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences revealed evidence for recent population ... Thesis North Atlantic Stepping Stones DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Stepping Stones ENVELOPE(-63.992,-63.992,-64.786,-64.786) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftmit |
language |
English |
topic |
Joint Program in Biological Oceanography Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Deep-sea ecology Seamount animals |
spellingShingle |
Joint Program in Biological Oceanography Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Deep-sea ecology Seamount animals Cho, Walter W Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
topic_facet |
Joint Program in Biological Oceanography Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Deep-sea ecology Seamount animals |
description |
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2008. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Includes bibliographical references. The mechanisms of faunal dispersal across ocean basins are key unknowns toward understanding of the modern biogeography and biodiversity of deep-sea fauna. Seamounts are considered to play a defining role in faunal evolution, acting as regional centers of speciation, "stepping-stones" for dispersal, and/or refugia for deep-sea populations. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of seamounts in structuring marine biodiversity and biogeography. This study focused on North Atlantic seamounts, specifically the New England seamount chain, the Corner Rise seamounts, and Muir seamount, areas damaged and threatened by deep-sea fisheries and currently a focus of conservation efforts. Videographic analyses of biological community structure revealed distinct faunal assemblages, dominated by the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata and structured by geographic region, depth regions (with apparent taxonomic breaks at 1300 m, 2300 m, and 2600 m), and substrate type (including natural/anthropogenic and abiotic substrates and biotic substrates). Amongst these assemblages, seven highly specific coral host- invertebrate associate relationships were identified. To investigate whether or not these broad community patterns were discernible at a genetic level, the 16S mtDNA gene was utilized as a genetic "barcode" within the Class Ophiuroidea, through which 22 putative species were identified, including four target species (Asteroschema clavigera, Ophiocreas oedipus, Ophioplinthaca abyssalis, and Ophioplinthaca chelys) for subsequent population genetic studies. Analyses of mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences revealed evidence for recent population ... |
author2 |
Timothy M. Shank. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Biological Oceanography. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Cho, Walter W |
author_facet |
Cho, Walter W |
author_sort |
Cho, Walter W |
title |
Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
title_short |
Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
title_full |
Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
title_fullStr |
Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of North Atlantic seamounts |
title_sort |
faunal biogeography, community structure, and genetic connectivity of north atlantic seamounts |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45312 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.992,-63.992,-64.786,-64.786) |
geographic |
Stepping Stones |
geographic_facet |
Stepping Stones |
genre |
North Atlantic Stepping Stones |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Stepping Stones |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45312 313776614 |
op_rights |
M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 |
_version_ |
1768392694506192896 |