Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations
Microwave radiometry has provided valuable spaceborne observations of Earth's geophysical properties for decades. The recent SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellites have demonstrated the value of measurements at 1400 MHz for observing surface soil moisture, sea surface salinity, sea ice thickness,...
Other Authors: | |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132965 |
id |
ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/132965 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/132965 2024-06-23T07:56:42+00:00 Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2021-10-13T18:05:44Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132965 en eng Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3073286 Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE 1939-1404 2151-1535 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132965 J. T. Johnson et al., "Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies From 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 14, pp. 4894-4914, 2021 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ IEEE Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2021 ftmit 2024-06-12T00:03:22Z Microwave radiometry has provided valuable spaceborne observations of Earth's geophysical properties for decades. The recent SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellites have demonstrated the value of measurements at 1400 MHz for observing surface soil moisture, sea surface salinity, sea ice thickness, soil freeze/thaw state, and other geophysical variables. However, the information obtained is limited by penetration through the subsurface at 1400 MHz and by a reduced sensitivity to surface salinity in cold or wind-roughened waters. Recent airborne experiments have shown the potential of brightness temperature measurements from 500-1400 MHz to address these limitations by enabling sensing of soil moisture and sea ice thickness to greater depths, sensing of temperature deep within ice sheets, improved sensing of sea salinity in cold waters, and enhanced sensitivity to soil moisture under vegetation canopies. However, the absence of significant spectrum reserved for passive microwave measurements in the 500-1400 MHz band requires both an opportunistic sensing strategy and systems for reducing the impact of radio-frequency interference. Here, we summarize the potential advantages and applications of 500-1400 MHz microwave radiometry for Earth observation and review recent experiments and demonstrations of these concepts. We also describe the remaining questions and challenges to be addressed in advancing to future spaceborne operation of this technology along with recommendations for future research activities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftmit |
language |
English |
description |
Microwave radiometry has provided valuable spaceborne observations of Earth's geophysical properties for decades. The recent SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellites have demonstrated the value of measurements at 1400 MHz for observing surface soil moisture, sea surface salinity, sea ice thickness, soil freeze/thaw state, and other geophysical variables. However, the information obtained is limited by penetration through the subsurface at 1400 MHz and by a reduced sensitivity to surface salinity in cold or wind-roughened waters. Recent airborne experiments have shown the potential of brightness temperature measurements from 500-1400 MHz to address these limitations by enabling sensing of soil moisture and sea ice thickness to greater depths, sensing of temperature deep within ice sheets, improved sensing of sea salinity in cold waters, and enhanced sensitivity to soil moisture under vegetation canopies. However, the absence of significant spectrum reserved for passive microwave measurements in the 500-1400 MHz band requires both an opportunistic sensing strategy and systems for reducing the impact of radio-frequency interference. Here, we summarize the potential advantages and applications of 500-1400 MHz microwave radiometry for Earth observation and review recent experiments and demonstrations of these concepts. We also describe the remaining questions and challenges to be addressed in advancing to future spaceborne operation of this technology along with recommendations for future research activities. |
author2 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
spellingShingle |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
title_short |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
title_full |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
title_fullStr |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies from 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations |
title_sort |
microwave radiometry at frequencies from 500 to 1400 mhz: an emerging technology for earth observations |
publisher |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132965 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
IEEE |
op_relation |
10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3073286 Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, IEEE 1939-1404 2151-1535 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132965 J. T. Johnson et al., "Microwave Radiometry at Frequencies From 500 to 1400 MHz: An Emerging Technology for Earth Observations," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 14, pp. 4894-4914, 2021 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
_version_ |
1802649989779816448 |