Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends
Anthropogenic influences have led to a strengthening and poleward shift of westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, especially during austral summer. We use observations, an idealized eddy-resolving ocean sea ice channel model, and a global coupled model to explore the Southern Ocean response to a st...
Published in: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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2020
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124780 |
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/124780 2023-06-11T04:16:35+02:00 Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends Doddridge, Edward W. Marshall, John C. Song, Hajoon Kelley, Maxwell Nazarenko, Larissa Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences 2020-04-21T17:53:33Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124780 en eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) 10.1029/2019GL082758 Geophysical Research Letters 0094-8276 1944-8007 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124780 Doddridge, Edward W., John Marshall, Hajoon Song, Maxwell Kelley, and Larissa Nazarenko, "Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends." Geophysical Research Letters 46, 8 (April 2019): p. 4365-77 doi 10.1029/2019GL082758 ©2019 Author(s) Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ MIT web domain Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2020 ftmit https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082758 2023-05-29T07:26:40Z Anthropogenic influences have led to a strengthening and poleward shift of westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, especially during austral summer. We use observations, an idealized eddy-resolving ocean sea ice channel model, and a global coupled model to explore the Southern Ocean response to a step change in westerly winds. Previous work hypothesized a two time scale response for sea surface temperature. Initially, Ekman transport cools the surface before sustained upwelling causes warming on decadal time scales. The fast response is robust across our models and the observations: We find Ekman-driven cooling in the mixed layer, mixing-driven warming below the mixed layer, and a small upwelling-driven warming at the temperature inversion. The long-term response is inaccessible from observations. Neither of our models shows a persistent upwelling anomaly, or long-term, upwelling-driven subsurface warming. Mesoscale eddies act to oppose the anomalous wind-driven upwelling, through a process known as eddy compensation, thereby preventing long-term warming. ©2019 Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Southern Ocean DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Southern Ocean Austral Geophysical Research Letters 46 8 4365 4377 |
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Open Polar |
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DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
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ftmit |
language |
English |
description |
Anthropogenic influences have led to a strengthening and poleward shift of westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, especially during austral summer. We use observations, an idealized eddy-resolving ocean sea ice channel model, and a global coupled model to explore the Southern Ocean response to a step change in westerly winds. Previous work hypothesized a two time scale response for sea surface temperature. Initially, Ekman transport cools the surface before sustained upwelling causes warming on decadal time scales. The fast response is robust across our models and the observations: We find Ekman-driven cooling in the mixed layer, mixing-driven warming below the mixed layer, and a small upwelling-driven warming at the temperature inversion. The long-term response is inaccessible from observations. Neither of our models shows a persistent upwelling anomaly, or long-term, upwelling-driven subsurface warming. Mesoscale eddies act to oppose the anomalous wind-driven upwelling, through a process known as eddy compensation, thereby preventing long-term warming. ©2019 |
author2 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Doddridge, Edward W. Marshall, John C. Song, Hajoon Kelley, Maxwell Nazarenko, Larissa |
spellingShingle |
Doddridge, Edward W. Marshall, John C. Song, Hajoon Kelley, Maxwell Nazarenko, Larissa Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
author_facet |
Doddridge, Edward W. Marshall, John C. Song, Hajoon Kelley, Maxwell Nazarenko, Larissa |
author_sort |
Doddridge, Edward W. |
title |
Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
title_short |
Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
title_full |
Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
title_fullStr |
Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends |
title_sort |
eddy compensation dampens southern ocean sea surface temperature response to westerly wind trends |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124780 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Austral |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Austral |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
MIT web domain |
op_relation |
10.1029/2019GL082758 Geophysical Research Letters 0094-8276 1944-8007 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124780 Doddridge, Edward W., John Marshall, Hajoon Song, Maxwell Kelley, and Larissa Nazarenko, "Eddy Compensation Dampens Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Response to Westerly Wind Trends." Geophysical Research Letters 46, 8 (April 2019): p. 4365-77 doi 10.1029/2019GL082758 ©2019 Author(s) |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082758 |
container_title |
Geophysical Research Letters |
container_volume |
46 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
4365 |
op_container_end_page |
4377 |
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1768374960951132160 |