Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity
This study investigates relationships between observed tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensities and potential intensity (PI) over the seasonal cycle. To directly compare observed and potential intensities, one must account for month-to-month variability in TC tracks and frequencies. Historical TC b...
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/124643 2023-06-11T04:14:56+02:00 Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity Gilford, Daniel M. Susan, Solomon Emanuel, Kerry Andrew Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences 2020-04-08T18:24:07Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124643 en eng American Meteorological Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0021.1 Monthly Weather Review 1520-0493 0027-0644 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124643 Gilford, Daniel M., et al. “Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity.” Monthly Weather Review 147, 7 (July 2019): 2417–32. © 2019 American Meteorological Society. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Meteorological Society Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2020 ftmit https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0021.1 2023-05-29T08:26:48Z This study investigates relationships between observed tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensities and potential intensity (PI) over the seasonal cycle. To directly compare observed and potential intensities, one must account for month-to-month variability in TC tracks and frequencies. Historical TC best track data and reanalysis PI calculations are combined to develop an along-track record of observed maximum and potential intensities for each storm in the satellite-era (1980-2015) across four ocean basins. Overall, observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles agree well with those of along-track PI. An extreme value theory application shows that at least 25 storms must be observed in a given month to have high confidence that the most intense wind speeds of historical TCs follow along-track PI seasonality. In the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere regions, there are too few observed storms outside their traditional TC seasons, limiting PI applicability across the seasonal cycle. Small intraseasonal along-track PI variabilities in these regions are driven by TC thermodynamic disequilibrium and sea surface temperatures. Thermodynamic disequilibrium drives seasonal cycles of eastern North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity, which minimize in August and maximize in June and October. Western North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles are relatively flat, and have a local minimum in August because of reduced thermodynamic efficiency, which is linked to anomalously warm near-tropopause outflow temperatures. Powerful ( > 65ms[superscript -1]) western Pacific TCs historically occur in every month except January, due to a combination of tropopause region and SST seasonal influences. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AGS-1461517) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant 80NSSC17K0698) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant ICER-1663807) Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Pacific Monthly Weather Review 147 7 2417 2432 |
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Open Polar |
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DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
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ftmit |
language |
English |
description |
This study investigates relationships between observed tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensities and potential intensity (PI) over the seasonal cycle. To directly compare observed and potential intensities, one must account for month-to-month variability in TC tracks and frequencies. Historical TC best track data and reanalysis PI calculations are combined to develop an along-track record of observed maximum and potential intensities for each storm in the satellite-era (1980-2015) across four ocean basins. Overall, observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles agree well with those of along-track PI. An extreme value theory application shows that at least 25 storms must be observed in a given month to have high confidence that the most intense wind speeds of historical TCs follow along-track PI seasonality. In the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere regions, there are too few observed storms outside their traditional TC seasons, limiting PI applicability across the seasonal cycle. Small intraseasonal along-track PI variabilities in these regions are driven by TC thermodynamic disequilibrium and sea surface temperatures. Thermodynamic disequilibrium drives seasonal cycles of eastern North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity, which minimize in August and maximize in June and October. Western North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles are relatively flat, and have a local minimum in August because of reduced thermodynamic efficiency, which is linked to anomalously warm near-tropopause outflow temperatures. Powerful ( > 65ms[superscript -1]) western Pacific TCs historically occur in every month except January, due to a combination of tropopause region and SST seasonal influences. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AGS-1461517) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant 80NSSC17K0698) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant ICER-1663807) |
author2 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gilford, Daniel M. Susan, Solomon Emanuel, Kerry Andrew |
spellingShingle |
Gilford, Daniel M. Susan, Solomon Emanuel, Kerry Andrew Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
author_facet |
Gilford, Daniel M. Susan, Solomon Emanuel, Kerry Andrew |
author_sort |
Gilford, Daniel M. |
title |
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
title_short |
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
title_full |
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity |
title_sort |
seasonal cycles of along-track tropical cyclone maximum intensity |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124643 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
American Meteorological Society |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0021.1 Monthly Weather Review 1520-0493 0027-0644 https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124643 Gilford, Daniel M., et al. “Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity.” Monthly Weather Review 147, 7 (July 2019): 2417–32. © 2019 American Meteorological Society. |
op_rights |
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19-0021.1 |
container_title |
Monthly Weather Review |
container_volume |
147 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
2417 |
op_container_end_page |
2432 |
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1768371319427039232 |