Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models
The Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary...
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/118305 2023-06-11T04:16:52+02:00 Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models Russell, Joellen L. Kamenkovich, Igor Bitz, Cecilia Gille, Sarah T. Goodman, Paul J. Hallberg, Robert Johnson, Kenneth Khazmutdinova, Karina Marinov, Irina Mazloff, Matthew Riser, Stephen Sarmiento, Jorge L. Speer, Kevin Talley, Lynne D. Wanninkhof, Rik Ferrari, Raffaele Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Ferrari, Raffaele 2018-09-21T17:39:48Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118305 unknown American Geophysical Union (AGU) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013461 Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2169-9291 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118305 Russell, Joellen L., Igor Kamenkovich, Cecilia Bitz, Raffaele Ferrari, Sarah T. Gille, Paul J. Goodman, Robert Hallberg, et al. “Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, 5 (May 2018): 3120–3143 © 2018 American Geophysical Union orcid:0000-0002-3736-1956 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Wiley Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2018 ftmit https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013461 2023-05-29T08:25:41Z The Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary widely in their simulations of the Southern Ocean and its role in, and response to, the ongoing anthropogenic trend. Due to the region's complex water-mass structure and dynamics, Southern Ocean carbon and heat uptake depend on a combination of winds, eddies, mixing, buoyancy fluxes, and topography. Observationally based metrics are critical for discerning processes and mechanisms, and for validating and comparing climate and earth system models. New observations and understanding have allowed for progress in the creation of observationally based data/model metrics for the Southern Ocean. Metrics presented here provide a means to assess multiple simulations relative to the best available observations and observational products. Climate models that perform better according to these metrics also better simulate the uptake of heat and carbon by the Southern Ocean. This report is not strictly an intercomparison, but rather a distillation of key metrics that can reliably quantify the "accuracy" of a simulation against observed, or at least observable, quantities. One overall goal is to recommend standardization of observationally based benchmarks that the modeling community should aspire to meet in order to reduce uncertainties in climate projections, and especially uncertainties related to oceanic heat and carbon uptake. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award PLR-1246247) Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 5 3120 3143 |
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DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
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ftmit |
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description |
The Southern Ocean is central to the global climate and the global carbon cycle, and to the climate's response to increasing levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, as it ventilates a large fraction of the global ocean volume. Global coupled climate models and earth system models, however, vary widely in their simulations of the Southern Ocean and its role in, and response to, the ongoing anthropogenic trend. Due to the region's complex water-mass structure and dynamics, Southern Ocean carbon and heat uptake depend on a combination of winds, eddies, mixing, buoyancy fluxes, and topography. Observationally based metrics are critical for discerning processes and mechanisms, and for validating and comparing climate and earth system models. New observations and understanding have allowed for progress in the creation of observationally based data/model metrics for the Southern Ocean. Metrics presented here provide a means to assess multiple simulations relative to the best available observations and observational products. Climate models that perform better according to these metrics also better simulate the uptake of heat and carbon by the Southern Ocean. This report is not strictly an intercomparison, but rather a distillation of key metrics that can reliably quantify the "accuracy" of a simulation against observed, or at least observable, quantities. One overall goal is to recommend standardization of observationally based benchmarks that the modeling community should aspire to meet in order to reduce uncertainties in climate projections, and especially uncertainties related to oceanic heat and carbon uptake. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award PLR-1246247) |
author2 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Ferrari, Raffaele |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Russell, Joellen L. Kamenkovich, Igor Bitz, Cecilia Gille, Sarah T. Goodman, Paul J. Hallberg, Robert Johnson, Kenneth Khazmutdinova, Karina Marinov, Irina Mazloff, Matthew Riser, Stephen Sarmiento, Jorge L. Speer, Kevin Talley, Lynne D. Wanninkhof, Rik Ferrari, Raffaele |
spellingShingle |
Russell, Joellen L. Kamenkovich, Igor Bitz, Cecilia Gille, Sarah T. Goodman, Paul J. Hallberg, Robert Johnson, Kenneth Khazmutdinova, Karina Marinov, Irina Mazloff, Matthew Riser, Stephen Sarmiento, Jorge L. Speer, Kevin Talley, Lynne D. Wanninkhof, Rik Ferrari, Raffaele Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
author_facet |
Russell, Joellen L. Kamenkovich, Igor Bitz, Cecilia Gille, Sarah T. Goodman, Paul J. Hallberg, Robert Johnson, Kenneth Khazmutdinova, Karina Marinov, Irina Mazloff, Matthew Riser, Stephen Sarmiento, Jorge L. Speer, Kevin Talley, Lynne D. Wanninkhof, Rik Ferrari, Raffaele |
author_sort |
Russell, Joellen L. |
title |
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
title_short |
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
title_full |
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
title_fullStr |
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models |
title_sort |
metrics for the evaluation of the southern ocean in coupled climate models and earth system models |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118305 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Wiley |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013461 Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2169-9291 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118305 Russell, Joellen L., Igor Kamenkovich, Cecilia Bitz, Raffaele Ferrari, Sarah T. Gille, Paul J. Goodman, Robert Hallberg, et al. “Metrics for the Evaluation of the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models and Earth System Models.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, 5 (May 2018): 3120–3143 © 2018 American Geophysical Union orcid:0000-0002-3736-1956 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013461 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
123 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
3120 |
op_container_end_page |
3143 |
_version_ |
1768375539860504576 |