Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag
Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-314). Animal movement is mot...
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/108892 2023-06-11T04:14:59+02:00 Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag Van der Hoop, Julie M Michael J. Moore. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology 2017 314 pages application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108892 eng eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108892 986240602 MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Whales Dolphins Drag (Aerodynamics) Thesis 2017 ftmit 2023-05-29T07:31:44Z Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-314). Animal movement is motivated in part by energetic constraints, where fitness is maximized by minimizing energy consumption. The energetic cost of movement depends on the resistive forces acting on an animal; changes in this force balance can occur naturally or unnaturally. Fishing gear that entangles large whales adds drag, often altering energy balance to the point of terminal emaciation. An analog to this is drag from tags attached to cetaceans for research and monitoring. This thesis quantifies the effects of drag loading from these two scenarios on fine-scale movements, behaviors and energy consumption. I measured drag forces on fishing gear that entangled endangered North Atlantic right whales and combined these measurements with theoretical estimates of drag on whales' bodies. Entanglement in fishing gear increased drag forces by up to 3 fold. Bio-logging tags deployed on two entangled right whales recorded changes in the diving and fine-scale movement patterns of these whales in response to relative changes in drag and buoyancy from fishing gear and through disentanglement: some swimming patterns were consistently modulated in response. Disentanglement significantly altered dive behavior, and can affect thrust production. Changes in the force balance and swimming behaviors have implications for the survival of chronically entangled whales. I developed two bioenergetics approaches to estimate that chronic, lethal entanglements cost approximately the same amount as the cost of pregnancy and supporting a calf to near-weaning. I then developed a method to estimate drag, energy burden and survival of an entangled whale at detection. This application is essential for disentanglement response and protected species management. ... Thesis North Atlantic DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
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Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Whales Dolphins Drag (Aerodynamics) |
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Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Whales Dolphins Drag (Aerodynamics) Van der Hoop, Julie M Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
topic_facet |
Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Whales Dolphins Drag (Aerodynamics) |
description |
Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-314). Animal movement is motivated in part by energetic constraints, where fitness is maximized by minimizing energy consumption. The energetic cost of movement depends on the resistive forces acting on an animal; changes in this force balance can occur naturally or unnaturally. Fishing gear that entangles large whales adds drag, often altering energy balance to the point of terminal emaciation. An analog to this is drag from tags attached to cetaceans for research and monitoring. This thesis quantifies the effects of drag loading from these two scenarios on fine-scale movements, behaviors and energy consumption. I measured drag forces on fishing gear that entangled endangered North Atlantic right whales and combined these measurements with theoretical estimates of drag on whales' bodies. Entanglement in fishing gear increased drag forces by up to 3 fold. Bio-logging tags deployed on two entangled right whales recorded changes in the diving and fine-scale movement patterns of these whales in response to relative changes in drag and buoyancy from fishing gear and through disentanglement: some swimming patterns were consistently modulated in response. Disentanglement significantly altered dive behavior, and can affect thrust production. Changes in the force balance and swimming behaviors have implications for the survival of chronically entangled whales. I developed two bioenergetics approaches to estimate that chronic, lethal entanglements cost approximately the same amount as the cost of pregnancy and supporting a calf to near-weaning. I then developed a method to estimate drag, energy burden and survival of an entangled whale at detection. This application is essential for disentanglement response and protected species management. ... |
author2 |
Michael J. Moore. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Van der Hoop, Julie M |
author_facet |
Van der Hoop, Julie M |
author_sort |
Van der Hoop, Julie M |
title |
Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
title_short |
Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
title_full |
Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
title_fullStr |
Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
title_sort |
effects and added drag on cetaceans : fishing gear entanglement and external tag |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108892 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108892 986240602 |
op_rights |
MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 |
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1768371416384667648 |