Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean
Sea surface temperature (SST) air–sea feedback strengths and associated decay time scales in the Southern Ocean (SO) are estimated from observations and reanalysis datasets of SST, air–sea heat fluxes, and ocean mixed layer depths. The spatial, seasonal, and scale dependence of the air–sea heat flux...
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ftmit:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/108146 2023-06-11T04:05:20+02:00 Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean Hausmann, Ute Czaja, Arnaud Marshall, John C Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Marshall, John C 2015-10 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108146 en_US eng American Meteorological Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0015.1 Journal of Climate 0894-8755 1520-0442 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108146 Hausmann, Ute, Arnaud Czaja, and John Marshall. “Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean.” J. Climate 29, no. 2 (January 2016): 439–454. © 2016 American Meteorological Society orcid:0000-0001-9230-3591 Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Meteorological Society Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 2015 ftmit https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0015.1 2023-05-29T08:44:07Z Sea surface temperature (SST) air–sea feedback strengths and associated decay time scales in the Southern Ocean (SO) are estimated from observations and reanalysis datasets of SST, air–sea heat fluxes, and ocean mixed layer depths. The spatial, seasonal, and scale dependence of the air–sea heat flux feedbacks is mapped in circumpolar bands and implications for SST persistence times are explored. It is found that the damping effect of turbulent heat fluxes dominates over that due to radiative heat fluxes. The turbulent heat flux feedback acts to damp SSTs in all bands and spatial scales and in all seasons, at rates varying between 5 and 25 W m⁻² K⁻¹, while the radiative heat flux feedback has a more uniform spatial distribution with a magnitude rarely exceeding 5 W m⁻² K⁻¹. In particular, the implied net air–sea feedback (turbulent + radiative) on SST south of the polar front, and in the region of seasonal sea ice, is as weak as 5–10 W m⁻² K⁻¹ in the summertime on large spatial scales. Air–sea interaction alone thus allows SST signals induced around Antarctica in the summertime to persist for several seasons. The damping effect of mixed layer entrainment on SST anomalies averages to approximately 20 W m⁻² K⁻¹ across the ACC bands in the summer-to-winter entraining season and thereby reduces summertime SST persistence to less than half of that predicted by air–sea interaction alone (i.e., 3–6 months). National Science Foundation (U.S.). Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Southern Ocean Journal of Climate 29 2 439 454 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftmit |
language |
English |
description |
Sea surface temperature (SST) air–sea feedback strengths and associated decay time scales in the Southern Ocean (SO) are estimated from observations and reanalysis datasets of SST, air–sea heat fluxes, and ocean mixed layer depths. The spatial, seasonal, and scale dependence of the air–sea heat flux feedbacks is mapped in circumpolar bands and implications for SST persistence times are explored. It is found that the damping effect of turbulent heat fluxes dominates over that due to radiative heat fluxes. The turbulent heat flux feedback acts to damp SSTs in all bands and spatial scales and in all seasons, at rates varying between 5 and 25 W m⁻² K⁻¹, while the radiative heat flux feedback has a more uniform spatial distribution with a magnitude rarely exceeding 5 W m⁻² K⁻¹. In particular, the implied net air–sea feedback (turbulent + radiative) on SST south of the polar front, and in the region of seasonal sea ice, is as weak as 5–10 W m⁻² K⁻¹ in the summertime on large spatial scales. Air–sea interaction alone thus allows SST signals induced around Antarctica in the summertime to persist for several seasons. The damping effect of mixed layer entrainment on SST anomalies averages to approximately 20 W m⁻² K⁻¹ across the ACC bands in the summer-to-winter entraining season and thereby reduces summertime SST persistence to less than half of that predicted by air–sea interaction alone (i.e., 3–6 months). National Science Foundation (U.S.). Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics |
author2 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Marshall, John C |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hausmann, Ute Czaja, Arnaud Marshall, John C |
spellingShingle |
Hausmann, Ute Czaja, Arnaud Marshall, John C Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Hausmann, Ute Czaja, Arnaud Marshall, John C |
author_sort |
Hausmann, Ute |
title |
Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
estimates of air–sea feedbacks on sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern ocean |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108146 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
American Meteorological Society |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0015.1 Journal of Climate 0894-8755 1520-0442 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108146 Hausmann, Ute, Arnaud Czaja, and John Marshall. “Estimates of Air–Sea Feedbacks on Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Southern Ocean.” J. Climate 29, no. 2 (January 2016): 439–454. © 2016 American Meteorological Society orcid:0000-0001-9230-3591 |
op_rights |
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0015.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
439 |
op_container_end_page |
454 |
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1768374552343085056 |