Relationship between thermoelectric figure of merit and energy conversion efficiency

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• Main Authors: Kim, Hee Seok, Liu, Weishu, Chen, Gang, Chu, Ching-Wu, Ren, Zhifeng
• Other Authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) 2015
• Subjects: Southern Ocean; Drake Passage; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101109

A multiwavenumber theory is formulated to represent eddy diffusivities. It expands on earlier single-wavenumber theories and includes the wide range of wavenumbers encompassed in eddy motions. In the limiting case in which ocean eddies are only composed of a single wavenumber, the multiwavenumber theory is equivalent to the single-wavenumber theory and both show mixing suppression by the eddy propagation relative to the mean flow. The multiwavenumber theory was tested in a region of the Southern Ocean (70°–45°S, 110°–20°W) that covers the Drake Passage and includes the tracer/float release locations during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). Cross-stream eddy diffusivities and mixing lengths were estimated in this region from the single-wavenumber theory, from the multiwavenumber theory, and from floats deployed in a global k[subscript 0]° Parallel Ocean Program (POP) simulation. Compared to the single-wavenumber theory, the horizontal structures of cross-stream mixing lengths from the multiwavenumber theory agree better with the simulated float-based estimates at almost all depth levels. The multiwavenumber theory better represents the vertical structure of cross-stream mixing lengths both inside and outside the Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC). Both the single-wavenumber and multiwavenumber theories represent the horizontal structures of cross-stream diffusivities, which resemble the eddy kinetic energy patterns. United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DOE DE-FG02-13ER46917/DE-SC0010831) United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science (Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center Award DE-SC0001299) United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant FA9550-09-1-0656) Templeton Foundation John J. and Rebecca Moores Endowment University of Houston. Texas Center for Superconductivity