Seasonal variability and long-term evolution of tropospheric composition in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere

• Main Authors: Wai, K. M., Wu, S., Kumar, A., Liao, H.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech 2014
• Subjects: Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences; Department of Civil; Environmental; and Geospatial Engineering; Civil and Environmental Engineering; Geological Engineering; Mining Engineering; Indian; Pacific; South Atlantic Ocean
• Online Access: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/2507; https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4859-2014; https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/context/michigantech-p/article/3497/viewcontent/acp_14_4859_2014.pdf

Impacts on tropospheric composition in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere from biomass burning and other emission sources are studied using a global chemical transport model, surface measurements and satellite retrievals. Seasonal variations in observed CO at remote island sites are examined. Easter Island (eastern Pacific Ocean) is impacted indirectly by the hemispheric zonal transport of CO due to the burning in southern Africa/South America, via the westerlies. An increasing trend in CO by 0.33 ppb yr-1 in the past decade at Ascension Island is attributed to the combined effects of South American/southern Africa burnings and the increases in CH4 level. Compared to Easter Island and Ascension Island, much less contribution from biomass burning to atmospheric CO is found at the island of Mahé (western Indian Ocean), where the total CO peaks in January-February, reflecting the contributions of anthropogenic emissions from India. We also examine the 2000-2050 changes in atmospheric composition in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere driven by future changes in emissions and climate. Changes in solar radiation (UV) over South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) in future January have dominant effects on the O3 distribution. More than 55% of O3 concentrations over the SAO in both present-day and future September are not directly affected by the emissions (including lightning) over the adjacent two continents but are attributable to the transport of O3 from surrounding areas due to CO and CH4oxidation and stratospheric intrusion. High NOx emissions in both continents in 2050s increase PAN concentrations over remote oceans at the higher southern latitudes (> 35° S) as far as those near Australia, affecting the O3 budget over there. Future changes in biomass burning and anthropogenic NOx emissions in southern Africa lead to a new area of high O3 concentrations near South Africa. The resulted O 3 outflow to the Indian Ocean is pronounced due to the effects of the persistent anticyclone. A general reduction in future OH ...