Significant enhancements of nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and ozone in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere resulting from North American boreal wildfires

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• Main Authors: Val Martín, M., Honrath, R. E., Owen, R. C., Pfister, G., Fialho, P., Barata, F.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech 2006
• Subjects: North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/8304; https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007530

Extensive wildfires burned in northern North America during summer 2004, releasing large amounts of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. Emissions from these wildfires frequently impacted the PICO-NARE station, a mountaintop site situated 6-15 days downwind from the fires in the Azores Islands. To assess the impacts of the boreal wildfire emissions on the levels of aerosol black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides and O < inf> 3 downwind from North America, we analyzed measurements of CO, BC, total reactive nitrogen oxides (NO < inf> y ), NO < inf> x , (NO + NO < inf> 2 and O < inf> 3 made from June to September 2004 in combination with MOZART chemical transport model simulations. Long-range transport of boreal wildfire emissions resulted in large enhancements of CO, BC, NO < inf> y and NO < inf> x with levels up to 250 ppbv, 665 ng m < sup> -3 , 1100 pptv and 135 pptv, respectively. Enhancement ratios relative to CO were variable in the plumes sampled, most likely because of variations in wildfire emissions and removal processes during transport. Analyses of ΔABC/ΔCO,ΔNO < inf> y /ΔCO and ΔNO < inf> x /ΔCO ratios indicate that NO < inf> y and BC were on average efficiently exported in these plumes and suggest that decomposition of PAN to NO < inf> x , was a significant source of NO < inf> x . High levels of NO < inf> x suggest continuing formation of O < inf> 3 in these well-aged plumes. O < inf> 3 levels were also significantly enhanced in the plumes, reaching up to 75 ppbv. Analysis of ΔO < inf> 3 /ΔCO ratios showed distinct behaviors of O < inf> 3 in the plumes, which varied from significant to lower O < inf> 3 production. We identify several potential reasons for the complex effects of boreal wildfire emissions on O < inf> 3 and conclude that this behavior needs to be explored further in the future. These observations demonstrate that boreal wildfire emissions significantly contributed to the NO < inf> x , and O < inf> 3 budgets in the central North Atlantic lower free troposphere during summer 2004 and imply large-scale impacts on direct radiative forcing of the atmosphere and on tropospheric NO < inf> x , and O < inf> 3 . Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.