A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations
One of the largest recorded dust tranpsort events originating from the great Sahara desert during April 1994 affected the entire region extending from the Caribbean to the Eurasian continent. This hemispherical transport of airborne dust took place during a series of storms that developed during the...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2001
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67879 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900796 |
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ftmetuankair:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/67879 2023-05-15T17:37:11+02:00 A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations Ozsoy, E Kubilay, N Nickovic, S Moulin, C 2001-08-27 https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67879 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900796 unknown American Geophysical Union (AGU) JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES Ozsoy E., Kubilay N., Nickovic S., Moulin C., "A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations", JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, cilt.106, ss.18439-18460, 2001 doi:10.1029/2000jd900796 18460 0747-7309 0034815772 18439 https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67879 106 WOS:000170579400055 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CC-BY-NC-ND Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Palaeontology Forestry Aquatic Science Atmospheric Science Soil Science Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics Oceanography Water Science and Technology 2001 ftmetuankair https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900796 2020-12-11T12:11:25Z One of the largest recorded dust tranpsort events originating from the great Sahara desert during April 1994 affected the entire region extending from the Caribbean to the Eurasian continent. This hemispherical transport of airborne dust took place during a series of storms that developed during the first three weeks of April in a background of low-index circulation. These repeated events are studied through the combined analyses and interpretation of atmospheric data, ground-based aerosol measurements, visibility observations, AVHRR and Meteosat visible band satellite data, and the results of Eta model simulations, including an aerosol transport component. The observations produce a consistent picture of the temporal and spatial development of the dust events, whose main features are used in parts to verify the model results. The rate of dust suspension from some areas of the western Sahara desert exceeded 1.5 mg m(-2) h(-1) and the maximum column integrated dust load reached 2 g m(-2) during April 3-5 1994, when the first major suspension event produced two simultaneous pulses of dust moving in opposite directions across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. These dust suspensions were created by surface winds resulting from subsidence on the northeastern side of a blocking anticyclone in the Atlantic region and subsequent winds of an intense developing cyclone in the Mediterranean-African region. In the following period, maximum dust loads of 4.5 and 2.5 g m(-2) occurred on April 12 and 17, respectively, when new cyclones transported dust across the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. The generation of the two dust pulses during the first even and the recurrent cyclone transport in the following period is shown to be the result of a large-scale, anomalous atmospheric circulation connected with blocking in the Atlantic Ocean and the interactions of tipper air jets downstream of the blocking. The particular state of the hemispheric circulation during the studied period corresponded to the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While previous statistical evidence has consistently linked dust transport in the region with the NAO signatures, we show the same connection on the basis of this case study. Other/Unknown Material North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) Eta ENVELOPE(-62.917,-62.917,-64.300,-64.300) Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106 D16 18439 18460 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) |
op_collection_id |
ftmetuankair |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Palaeontology Forestry Aquatic Science Atmospheric Science Soil Science Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics Oceanography Water Science and Technology |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Palaeontology Forestry Aquatic Science Atmospheric Science Soil Science Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics Oceanography Water Science and Technology Ozsoy, E Kubilay, N Nickovic, S Moulin, C A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Palaeontology Forestry Aquatic Science Atmospheric Science Soil Science Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics Oceanography Water Science and Technology |
description |
One of the largest recorded dust tranpsort events originating from the great Sahara desert during April 1994 affected the entire region extending from the Caribbean to the Eurasian continent. This hemispherical transport of airborne dust took place during a series of storms that developed during the first three weeks of April in a background of low-index circulation. These repeated events are studied through the combined analyses and interpretation of atmospheric data, ground-based aerosol measurements, visibility observations, AVHRR and Meteosat visible band satellite data, and the results of Eta model simulations, including an aerosol transport component. The observations produce a consistent picture of the temporal and spatial development of the dust events, whose main features are used in parts to verify the model results. The rate of dust suspension from some areas of the western Sahara desert exceeded 1.5 mg m(-2) h(-1) and the maximum column integrated dust load reached 2 g m(-2) during April 3-5 1994, when the first major suspension event produced two simultaneous pulses of dust moving in opposite directions across the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. These dust suspensions were created by surface winds resulting from subsidence on the northeastern side of a blocking anticyclone in the Atlantic region and subsequent winds of an intense developing cyclone in the Mediterranean-African region. In the following period, maximum dust loads of 4.5 and 2.5 g m(-2) occurred on April 12 and 17, respectively, when new cyclones transported dust across the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. The generation of the two dust pulses during the first even and the recurrent cyclone transport in the following period is shown to be the result of a large-scale, anomalous atmospheric circulation connected with blocking in the Atlantic Ocean and the interactions of tipper air jets downstream of the blocking. The particular state of the hemispheric circulation during the studied period corresponded to the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While previous statistical evidence has consistently linked dust transport in the region with the NAO signatures, we show the same connection on the basis of this case study. |
author |
Ozsoy, E Kubilay, N Nickovic, S Moulin, C |
author_facet |
Ozsoy, E Kubilay, N Nickovic, S Moulin, C |
author_sort |
Ozsoy, E |
title |
A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
title_short |
A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
title_full |
A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
title_fullStr |
A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
title_sort |
hemispheric dust storm affecting the atlantic and mediterranean in april 1994: analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67879 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900796 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.917,-62.917,-64.300,-64.300) |
geographic |
Eta |
geographic_facet |
Eta |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
Ozsoy E., Kubilay N., Nickovic S., Moulin C., "A hemispheric dust storm affecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean in April 1994: Analyses, modeling, ground-based measurements and satellite observations", JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, cilt.106, ss.18439-18460, 2001 doi:10.1029/2000jd900796 18460 0747-7309 0034815772 18439 https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67879 106 WOS:000170579400055 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900796 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
106 |
container_issue |
D16 |
container_start_page |
18439 |
op_container_end_page |
18460 |
_version_ |
1766136972341936128 |