Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon
International audience Controversy surrounds the role of the ocean in interhemispheric transport of carbon. On one hand, observations in the atmosphere and in the ocean both seem to imply that the preindustrial ocean transported up to 1 Pg C yr($^{-1}$) from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere....
Published in: | Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2001
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/document https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/file/aum1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001238 |
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Météo-France: HAL |
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English |
topic |
Meteorologie Hydrologie Transfert [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] |
spellingShingle |
Meteorologie Hydrologie Transfert [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] Aumont, Olivier Orr, J.C. Monfray, P. Ludwig, Wolfgang Amiotte-Suchet, P. Probst, J.L. Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
topic_facet |
Meteorologie Hydrologie Transfert [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] |
description |
International audience Controversy surrounds the role of the ocean in interhemispheric transport of carbon. On one hand, observations in the atmosphere and in the ocean both seem to imply that the preindustrial ocean transported up to 1 Pg C yr($^{-1}$) from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere. On the other hand, three dimensional (3-D) ocean models suggest that global interhemispheric transport of carbon is near zero. However, in this debate, there has been a general neglect of the river carbon loop. The river carbon loop includes (1) uptake of atmospheric carbon due to inorganic and organic erosion on land, (2) transport of carbon by rivers, (3) subsequent transport of riverine carbon by the ocean, and (4) loss of riverine carbon back to the atmosphere by air-sea gas exchange. Although carbon fluxes from rivers are small compared to natural fluxes, they have the potential to contribute substantially to the net air-sea fluxes of CO$_2$. For insight into this dilemma, we coupled carbon fluxes from a global model of continental erosion to a 3-D global carbon-cycle model of the ocean. With rivers, total southward interhemispheric transport by the ocean increases from 0.1 to 0.35 $\pm$0.08 Pg Cyr($^{-1}$), in agreement with oceanographic observations. Resulting air-sea fluxes of riverine carbon and uptake of CO$_2$ by land erosion were installed as boundary conditions in a 3-D atmospheric model. The assymetry in these fluxes drives a preindustrial atmospheric gradient of CO$_2$ at the surface of -0.6 $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu$atm for the North Pole minus the South Pole and longitudinal variations that exceed 0.5 $\mu$atm. Conversely, the gradient for Mauna Loa minus South Pole is only -0.2 $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu$atm, much less than the -0.8 $\mu$atm gradient extrapolated linearly from historical atmospheric CO$_2$ measurements from the same two sites. The difference may be explained by the role of the terrestrial biosphere. Regardless, the river loop produces large gradients both meridionally and zonally. Accounting for the ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de formation et de recherche en environnement marin (CEFREM) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Microbiologie des sols-GéoSol (GéoSol) Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB) Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG) Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) This work was funded by the Environment and Climate Programme of the European Community (ESCOBA-Ocean contract ENV4-CT95-0132 and ESCOBA-Biosphere contract ENVCT95-0111). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aumont, Olivier Orr, J.C. Monfray, P. Ludwig, Wolfgang Amiotte-Suchet, P. Probst, J.L. |
author_facet |
Aumont, Olivier Orr, J.C. Monfray, P. Ludwig, Wolfgang Amiotte-Suchet, P. Probst, J.L. |
author_sort |
Aumont, Olivier |
title |
Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
title_short |
Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
title_full |
Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
title_fullStr |
Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
title_sort |
riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/document https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/file/aum1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001238 |
genre |
North Pole South pole |
genre_facet |
North Pole South pole |
op_source |
ISSN: 0886-6236 EISSN: 1944-8224 Global Biogeochemical Cycles https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2001, 15 (2), pp.393-405. ⟨10.1029/1999GB001238⟩ |
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op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001238 |
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Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
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15 |
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2 |
container_start_page |
393 |
op_container_end_page |
405 |
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ftmeteofrance:oai:HAL:hal-02677020v1 2024-09-15T18:24:59+00:00 Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon Aumont, Olivier Orr, J.C. Monfray, P. Ludwig, Wolfgang Amiotte-Suchet, P. Probst, J.L. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie (LODYC) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de formation et de recherche en environnement marin (CEFREM) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Microbiologie des sols-GéoSol (GéoSol) Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB) Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG) Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) This work was funded by the Environment and Climate Programme of the European Community (ESCOBA-Ocean contract ENV4-CT95-0132 and ESCOBA-Biosphere contract ENVCT95-0111). 2001 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/document https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/file/aum1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001238 en eng HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/1999GB001238 hal-02677020 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/document https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020/file/aum1.pdf doi:10.1029/1999GB001238 PRODINRA: 67821 WOS: 000169233200010 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0886-6236 EISSN: 1944-8224 Global Biogeochemical Cycles https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02677020 Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2001, 15 (2), pp.393-405. ⟨10.1029/1999GB001238⟩ Meteorologie Hydrologie Transfert [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2001 ftmeteofrance https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001238 2024-06-25T00:11:56Z International audience Controversy surrounds the role of the ocean in interhemispheric transport of carbon. On one hand, observations in the atmosphere and in the ocean both seem to imply that the preindustrial ocean transported up to 1 Pg C yr($^{-1}$) from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere. On the other hand, three dimensional (3-D) ocean models suggest that global interhemispheric transport of carbon is near zero. However, in this debate, there has been a general neglect of the river carbon loop. The river carbon loop includes (1) uptake of atmospheric carbon due to inorganic and organic erosion on land, (2) transport of carbon by rivers, (3) subsequent transport of riverine carbon by the ocean, and (4) loss of riverine carbon back to the atmosphere by air-sea gas exchange. Although carbon fluxes from rivers are small compared to natural fluxes, they have the potential to contribute substantially to the net air-sea fluxes of CO$_2$. For insight into this dilemma, we coupled carbon fluxes from a global model of continental erosion to a 3-D global carbon-cycle model of the ocean. With rivers, total southward interhemispheric transport by the ocean increases from 0.1 to 0.35 $\pm$0.08 Pg Cyr($^{-1}$), in agreement with oceanographic observations. Resulting air-sea fluxes of riverine carbon and uptake of CO$_2$ by land erosion were installed as boundary conditions in a 3-D atmospheric model. The assymetry in these fluxes drives a preindustrial atmospheric gradient of CO$_2$ at the surface of -0.6 $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu$atm for the North Pole minus the South Pole and longitudinal variations that exceed 0.5 $\mu$atm. Conversely, the gradient for Mauna Loa minus South Pole is only -0.2 $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu$atm, much less than the -0.8 $\mu$atm gradient extrapolated linearly from historical atmospheric CO$_2$ measurements from the same two sites. The difference may be explained by the role of the terrestrial biosphere. Regardless, the river loop produces large gradients both meridionally and zonally. Accounting for the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Pole South pole Météo-France: HAL Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15 2 393 405 |