From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2011. Biology Bibliography: leaves 224-272. This thesis was developed within the framework of a monitoring program for Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada. Extensive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil and sediment associated with a form...
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2011
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Online Access: | http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses5/id/31778 |
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ftmemorialunivdc:oai:collections.mun.ca:theses5/31778 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Memorial University of Newfoundland: Digital Archives Initiative (DAI) |
op_collection_id |
ftmemorialunivdc |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecological risk assessment--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Polychlorinated biphenyls--Environmental aspects--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of contaminated sediments on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of chemicals on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay |
spellingShingle |
Ecological risk assessment--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Polychlorinated biphenyls--Environmental aspects--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of contaminated sediments on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of chemicals on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Johnson, Kelly Elaine, 1976- From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
topic_facet |
Ecological risk assessment--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Polychlorinated biphenyls--Environmental aspects--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of contaminated sediments on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of chemicals on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay |
description |
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2011. Biology Bibliography: leaves 224-272. This thesis was developed within the framework of a monitoring program for Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada. Extensive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil and sediment associated with a former Polevault Line military station was identified at Saglek in the 1990s (ESG, 1997). PCB impacted soil remediation was carried out between 1997 and 1999 and thus, the terrestrial source of exposure has been removed. Ecological studies showed that PCBs remained in the coastal marine food web (Kuzyk et al., 2005a) and the terrestrial food chain (ESG, 2005; 2007). Recent evidence indicates that the concentrations in the marine environment are decreasing (Brown et al., 2009). Research for this thesis was conducted to evaluate the effects of PCBs on biomarker responses in wildlife at Saglek, and to evaluate the effectiveness of field verification of effects predicted at the screening risk assessment stage by comparing the results of a traditional food chain model approach to a biological effects based weight of evidence approach. Hazard quotients indicated that there was a potential for adverse risks to shorthorn sculpin at Saglek Beach (hazard quotient=1.6) in 1998/99 but adverse risks were unlikely (hazard quotient=0.9) in 2006/07. The biological effects based weight of evidence assessment supported the hazard quotient methodology indicating an intermediate risk to shorthorn sculpin in 1998/99 and a low risk in 2006/07. For black guillemots, the hazard quotients indicated that adverse risks were likely for both 1998/99 (hazard quotient=2.1) and 2006/07 (hazard quotient=1.2). The biological effects based weight of evidence assessment supported the hazard quotient indicating an intermediate to high risk to black guillemots for these time periods. The hazard quotients calculated for deer mice using the dietary approach (2.3) and the tissue residue approach (2.1) indicated that adverse effects to deer mice at Saglek Beach are likely. Results of bone mineral density analysis supported this conclusion but thyroid histomorphometry and histopathology did not. Despite the predicted health effects to black guillemots and deer mice at Saglek, the populations appear to be thriving. Measurement of population and/or community indices would be helpful in confirming the predicted adverse effects. A three tier iterative approach using hazard quotients, biomarkers, and population/and or community studies is recommended for large complex sites such as Saglek, where remediation strategies are expensive and potentially destructive to the environment. This thesis emphasises field verification of adverse health effects predicted through the screening (i.e., hazard quotient) assessment stage and supports an iterative tiered approach to ecological risk assessment. |
author2 |
Memorial University of Newfoundland. Dept. of Biology |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Johnson, Kelly Elaine, 1976- |
author_facet |
Johnson, Kelly Elaine, 1976- |
author_sort |
Johnson, Kelly Elaine, 1976- |
title |
From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
title_short |
From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
title_full |
From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
title_fullStr |
From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
title_full_unstemmed |
From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
title_sort |
from hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses5/id/31778 |
op_coverage |
Canada--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.583,-62.583,58.333,58.333) |
geographic |
Newfoundland Canada Saglek Bay |
geographic_facet |
Newfoundland Canada Saglek Bay |
genre |
Newfoundland studies University of Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland studies University of Newfoundland |
op_source |
Paper copy kept in the Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Memorial University Libraries |
op_relation |
Electronic Theses and Dissertations (6.93 MB) -- http://collections.mun.ca.qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/PDFs/theses/Johnson_Kelly.pdf http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses5/id/31778 |
op_rights |
The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. |
_version_ |
1766113365646639104 |
spelling |
ftmemorialunivdc:oai:collections.mun.ca:theses5/31778 2023-05-15T17:23:34+02:00 From hazard quotients to a biomarker based weight of evidence : enhancing the science in ecological risk assessment Johnson, Kelly Elaine, 1976- Memorial University of Newfoundland. Dept. of Biology Canada--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay 2011 xvi, 277 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps. Image/jpeg; Application/pdf http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses5/id/31778 Eng eng Electronic Theses and Dissertations (6.93 MB) -- http://collections.mun.ca.qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/PDFs/theses/Johnson_Kelly.pdf http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses5/id/31778 The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. Paper copy kept in the Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Memorial University Libraries Ecological risk assessment--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Polychlorinated biphenyls--Environmental aspects--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of contaminated sediments on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Animals--Effect of chemicals on--Newfoundland and Labrador--Saglek Bay Text Electronic thesis or dissertation 2011 ftmemorialunivdc 2015-08-06T19:22:53Z Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2011. Biology Bibliography: leaves 224-272. This thesis was developed within the framework of a monitoring program for Saglek Bay, Labrador, Canada. Extensive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil and sediment associated with a former Polevault Line military station was identified at Saglek in the 1990s (ESG, 1997). PCB impacted soil remediation was carried out between 1997 and 1999 and thus, the terrestrial source of exposure has been removed. Ecological studies showed that PCBs remained in the coastal marine food web (Kuzyk et al., 2005a) and the terrestrial food chain (ESG, 2005; 2007). Recent evidence indicates that the concentrations in the marine environment are decreasing (Brown et al., 2009). Research for this thesis was conducted to evaluate the effects of PCBs on biomarker responses in wildlife at Saglek, and to evaluate the effectiveness of field verification of effects predicted at the screening risk assessment stage by comparing the results of a traditional food chain model approach to a biological effects based weight of evidence approach. Hazard quotients indicated that there was a potential for adverse risks to shorthorn sculpin at Saglek Beach (hazard quotient=1.6) in 1998/99 but adverse risks were unlikely (hazard quotient=0.9) in 2006/07. The biological effects based weight of evidence assessment supported the hazard quotient methodology indicating an intermediate risk to shorthorn sculpin in 1998/99 and a low risk in 2006/07. For black guillemots, the hazard quotients indicated that adverse risks were likely for both 1998/99 (hazard quotient=2.1) and 2006/07 (hazard quotient=1.2). The biological effects based weight of evidence assessment supported the hazard quotient indicating an intermediate to high risk to black guillemots for these time periods. The hazard quotients calculated for deer mice using the dietary approach (2.3) and the tissue residue approach (2.1) indicated that adverse effects to deer mice at Saglek Beach are likely. Results of bone mineral density analysis supported this conclusion but thyroid histomorphometry and histopathology did not. Despite the predicted health effects to black guillemots and deer mice at Saglek, the populations appear to be thriving. Measurement of population and/or community indices would be helpful in confirming the predicted adverse effects. A three tier iterative approach using hazard quotients, biomarkers, and population/and or community studies is recommended for large complex sites such as Saglek, where remediation strategies are expensive and potentially destructive to the environment. This thesis emphasises field verification of adverse health effects predicted through the screening (i.e., hazard quotient) assessment stage and supports an iterative tiered approach to ecological risk assessment. Thesis Newfoundland studies University of Newfoundland Memorial University of Newfoundland: Digital Archives Initiative (DAI) Newfoundland Canada Saglek Bay ENVELOPE(-62.583,-62.583,58.333,58.333) |