Hydrological modeling in the Marmot creek basin

• Main Author: Ou, Yanzhen, 1981-
• Other Authors: Memorial University of Newfoundland. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Evapotranspiration > Alberta > Marmot Basin; Hydrologic models > Alberta > Marmot Basin; Stream measurements > Alberta > Marmot Basin; Watersheds > Alberta > Marmot Basin; Canada; Nash; Sutcliffe; Marmot Creek; Newfoundland studies; University of Newfoundland
• Online Access: http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/theses4/id/55282

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2009. Engineering and Applied Science Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-143) Two primary purposes of this research were to assess the hydrologic response and to detect the hydrologic similarity of a 9.5 km 2 needle-leaf forested watershed in the Canadian Prairie province of Alberta known the Marmot Creek basin. In order to achieve these two objectives, three hydrologic models and several analysis methods were applied in this study. -- Topographic index, In(α/tanβ), was calculated by different flow routing algorithms ( single flow and biflow direction algorithms) with 1- and 90-meter resolution digital elevation models (DEM) in this research. A series of maps and tabular outputs showed that in high resolution DEM, the distinction of the frequency distribution of In(α/tanβ) was pronounced between different algorithms. However, in low resolution DEM, the difference was not obvious. -- Evaporative resistances (stomatal and aerodynamic), which was used to calculate potential evapotranspiration (PET), was estimated by Canadian Land Surface Scheme CLASS). Aerodynamic resistance was also produced by the Monteith method (1965) under neutral conditions. The maximum stomatal resistance in the Marmot Creek basin could reach 2000 m s -1 : however, the minimum value was only 0 s-1 . A series of comparisons showed that aerodynamic resistance computed by CLASS and Monteith method (1965) were fairly close. -- PET, as one of the input data sets to drive TOPMODEL in this research, was estimated by Penman-Monteith formulation. The peak of PET over the Marmot Creek basin occurred in July, and October had the lowest rate, which was equal to half the peak value in July. The effects of evaporative resistance on PET were also discussed. From the results, it could be concluded that compared to aerodynamic resistance, stomatal resistance had main control of PET. -- TOPMODEL, a topographically-based hydrologic model, was used to assess the hydrologic response in the Marmot Creek basin. This hydrologic model was combined with genetic algorithm (GA) to do calibration and, subsequently, validation with historical streamflow datasets retrieved from the Environment Canada hydrometric database. According to streamflow simulation with TOPMODEL, subsurface flow accounted for 84.9% of the total simulated streamflow during the calibration periods for the Marmot Creek basin. The simulations yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of about 0.611, which was acceptable given the limitations of climate data. However, during the validation phase of the model assessment, there were some discrepancies between the simulated streamflow response and the observed values. Moreover, different In(α/tanβ) distributions were observed using different grid sizes in different flow direction algorithms, but these did not lead to significant departures in all the cases of the simulated streamflow. -- Four-meter resolution IKONOS images were used to perform land cover classification in the Marmot Creek basin through a Decision Tree classifier using Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) input. The variation of In(α/tanβ) between different land covers was investigated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of NOVA showed that no obvious relationship between In(α/tanβ) and the land cover classes could be determined.