Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear
Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk,...
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Ecological Society of America
2020
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Online Access: | https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/ https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/1/ecs2.3216%20%281%29.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 |
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ftmemorialuniv:oai:research.library.mun.ca:14856 2023-10-01T03:49:57+02:00 Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear Perry, Thomas A. Laforge, Michel P. Vander Wal, Eric Knight, Thomas W. McLoughlin, Philip D. 2020-08-06 application/pdf https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/ https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/1/ecs2.3216%20%281%29.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 en eng Ecological Society of America https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/1/ecs2.3216%20%281%29.pdf Perry, Thomas A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Perry=3AThomas_A=2E=3A=3A.html> and Laforge, Michel P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Laforge=3AMichel_P=2E=3A=3A.html> and Vander Wal, Eric <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vander_Wal=3AEric=3A=3A.html> and Knight, Thomas W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Knight=3AThomas_W=2E=3A=3A.html> and McLoughlin, Philip D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McLoughlin=3APhilip_D=2E=3A=3A.html> (2020) Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear. Ecosphere, 11 (8). ISSN 2150-8925 cc_by_nc Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftmemorialuniv https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 2023-09-03T06:49:57Z Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk, and landscape‐mediated changes in perceived risk. We tested how GPS‐tracked moose (Alces alces, n = 19) responded to an emerging risk landscape with the introduction of hunting to a naïve population (large‐scale reduction experiment in Gros Morne National Park, Canada). We predicted that predation risk associated with hunters would influence moose habitat selection: Avoidance responses would be stronger during the day when hunting was allowed, and moose would learn to avoid risky locations which would strengthen in successive years for survivors occupying overall riskier home ranges. We found that moose avoided areas associated with a high risk of encounters with hunters but did not alter selection patterns between day and night. We did not find evidence of moose reacting more strongly to emerging risk as a function of risk within their home range. Moose did not increase their avoidance of areas associated with hunter risk across years but over time survivors selected non‐hunted refuge areas more frequently. Our results suggest that while moose did not adjust fine‐scale habitat selection through time to increased hunting risk, they did adjust selection at broader scales (based on proportions of hunter‐free habitat included in home range relative to study area). This finding supports the hypothesis that habitat selection at larger spatio‐temporal scales may reflect behavioral responses to a population’s most important limiting factors, which may not be apparent at finer scales. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Gros Morne National Park Memorial University of Newfoundland: Research Repository Canada Gros Morne National Park ENVELOPE(-57.531,-57.531,49.613,49.613) Ecosphere 11 8 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Memorial University of Newfoundland: Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftmemorialuniv |
language |
English |
description |
Elucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk, and landscape‐mediated changes in perceived risk. We tested how GPS‐tracked moose (Alces alces, n = 19) responded to an emerging risk landscape with the introduction of hunting to a naïve population (large‐scale reduction experiment in Gros Morne National Park, Canada). We predicted that predation risk associated with hunters would influence moose habitat selection: Avoidance responses would be stronger during the day when hunting was allowed, and moose would learn to avoid risky locations which would strengthen in successive years for survivors occupying overall riskier home ranges. We found that moose avoided areas associated with a high risk of encounters with hunters but did not alter selection patterns between day and night. We did not find evidence of moose reacting more strongly to emerging risk as a function of risk within their home range. Moose did not increase their avoidance of areas associated with hunter risk across years but over time survivors selected non‐hunted refuge areas more frequently. Our results suggest that while moose did not adjust fine‐scale habitat selection through time to increased hunting risk, they did adjust selection at broader scales (based on proportions of hunter‐free habitat included in home range relative to study area). This finding supports the hypothesis that habitat selection at larger spatio‐temporal scales may reflect behavioral responses to a population’s most important limiting factors, which may not be apparent at finer scales. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Perry, Thomas A. Laforge, Michel P. Vander Wal, Eric Knight, Thomas W. McLoughlin, Philip D. |
spellingShingle |
Perry, Thomas A. Laforge, Michel P. Vander Wal, Eric Knight, Thomas W. McLoughlin, Philip D. Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
author_facet |
Perry, Thomas A. Laforge, Michel P. Vander Wal, Eric Knight, Thomas W. McLoughlin, Philip D. |
author_sort |
Perry, Thomas A. |
title |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_short |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_full |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_fullStr |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_full_unstemmed |
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
title_sort |
individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear |
publisher |
Ecological Society of America |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/ https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/1/ecs2.3216%20%281%29.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-57.531,-57.531,49.613,49.613) |
geographic |
Canada Gros Morne National Park |
geographic_facet |
Canada Gros Morne National Park |
genre |
Alces alces Gros Morne National Park |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Gros Morne National Park |
op_relation |
https://research.library.mun.ca/14856/1/ecs2.3216%20%281%29.pdf Perry, Thomas A. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Perry=3AThomas_A=2E=3A=3A.html> and Laforge, Michel P. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Laforge=3AMichel_P=2E=3A=3A.html> and Vander Wal, Eric <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Vander_Wal=3AEric=3A=3A.html> and Knight, Thomas W. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/Knight=3AThomas_W=2E=3A=3A.html> and McLoughlin, Philip D. <https://research.library.mun.ca/view/creator_az/McLoughlin=3APhilip_D=2E=3A=3A.html> (2020) Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear. Ecosphere, 11 (8). ISSN 2150-8925 |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3216 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
8 |
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1778517762467954688 |